Java 线程 锁类型：内置锁、重入锁、读写锁、StampedLock、自旋锁和信号量

下面我们将分别使用内置锁、重入锁、读写锁、StampedLock、自旋锁和信号量来实现对共享资源的线程安全访问，并举例说明它们的用法。

1. 内置锁示例：

使用内置锁（synchronized关键字）来实现线程安全访问共享资源。

public class IntrinsicLockExample {
    private int count = 0;

    public synchronized void increment() {
        count++;
    }

    public int getCount() {
        return count;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IntrinsicLockExample example = new IntrinsicLockExample();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                example.increment();
            }
        });

        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                example.increment();
            }
        });

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();

        try {
            thread1.join();
            thread2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("Final Count (using Intrinsic Lock): " + example.getCount());
    }
}

2. 重入锁示例：

使用重入锁（ReentrantLock）来实现线程安全访问共享资源。

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class ReentrantLockExample {
    private int count = 0;
    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void increment() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            count++;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public int getCount() {
        return count;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantLockExample example = new ReentrantLockExample();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                example.increment();
            }
        });

        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                example.increment();
            }
        });

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();

        try {
            thread1.join();
            thread2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("Final Count (using ReentrantLock): " + example.getCount());
    }
}

3. 读写锁示例：

使用读写锁（ReentrantReadWriteLock）来实现同时允许读取和写入共享资源。

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

public class ReadWriteLockExample {
    private int count = 0;
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void increment() {
        lock.writeLock().lock();
        try {
            count++;
        } finally {
            lock.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    public int getCount() {
        lock.readLock().lock();
        try {
            return count;
        } finally {
            lock.readLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReadWriteLockExample example = new ReadWriteLockExample();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            example.increment();
        });

        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
            System.out.println("Count: " + example.getCount());
        });

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();

        try {
            thread1.join();
            thread2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4. StampedLock示例：

使用StampedLock来实现乐观读锁、悲观读锁和写锁。

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

public class ReadWriteLockExample {
    private int count = 0;
    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void increment() {
        lock.writeLock().lock();
        try {
            count++;
        } finally {
            lock.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    public int getCount() {
        lock.readLock().lock();
        try {
            return count;
        } finally {
            lock.readLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReadWriteLockExample example = new ReadWriteLockExample();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
            example.increment();
        });

        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
            System.out.println("Count: " + example.getCount());
        });

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();

        try {
            thread1.join();
            thread2.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}