springcloud熔断保护-Hystrix

一、Hystrix 简介

Hystrix的设计原则是什么？
资源隔离（线程池隔离和信号量隔离）机制：限制调用分布式服务的资源使用，某一个调用的服务出现问题不会影响其它服务调用。
限流机制：限流机制主要是提前对各个类型的请求设置最高的QPS阈值，若高于设置的阈值则对该请求直接返回，不再调用后续资源。
熔断机制：当失败率达到阀值自动触发降级（如因网络故障、超时造成的失败率真高），熔断器触发的快速失败会进行快速恢复。
降级机制：超时降级、资源不足时（线程或信号量）降级 、运行异常降级等，降级后可以配合降级接口返回托底数据。
缓存支持：提供了请求缓存、请求合并实现
通过近实时的统计/监控/报警功能，来提高故障发现的速度
通过近实时的属性和配置热修改功能，来提高故障处理和恢复的速度

Hystrix是如何实现它的目标的？
（1）通过HystrixCommand或者HystrixObservableCommand来封装对外部依赖的访问请求，这个访问请求一般会运行在独立的线程中，资源隔离
（2）对于超出我们设定阈值的服务调用，直接进行超时，不允许其耗费过长时间阻塞住。这个超时时间默认是99.5%的访问时间，但是一般我们可以自己设置一下
（3）为每一个依赖服务维护一个独立的线程池，或者是semaphore，当线程池已满时，直接拒绝对这个服务的调用
（4）对依赖服务的调用的成功次数，失败次数，拒绝次数，超时次数，进行统计
（5）如果对一个依赖服务的调用失败次数超过了一定的阈值，自动进行熔断，在一定时间内对该服务的调用直接降级，一段时间后再自动尝试恢复
（6）当一个服务调用出现失败，被拒绝，超时，短路等异常情况时，自动调用fallback降级机制
（7）对属性和配置的修改提供近实时的支持

二、代码实现

搭建eureka注册中心上一篇文章已经介绍。

搭建订单服务生产者应用
maven依赖：

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope> 
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fshows.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mybatis核心包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mybatis/spring包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- redis client -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.redisson</groupId>
            <artifactId>redisson</artifactId>
            <version>3.6.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--redis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mysql drivers -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.41</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.29</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- disruptor 用于log4j2的异步日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.lmax</groupId>
            <artifactId>disruptor</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- spring核心包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--httpclient-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.2</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.2</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

订单服务启动类：注意订单服务启动类的注解 @EnableDiscoveryClient

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

订单服务controller以及应用层代码实现：

   @RequestMapping(value = "/getBankOrder",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public R<BankOrderDO> getOrderSn(@RequestParam("orderSn") String orderSn){
        LOGGER.info("订单查询 >> getOrderSn >> orderSn = {}",orderSn);
        BankOrderDO bankOrderDO = orderService.getBankOrderByOrderSn(orderSn);
        return new R<>(bankOrderDO);
    }

public BankOrderDO getBankOrderByOrderSn(String orderSn) {
        return bankOrderDAO.getBankOrderByOrderSn(orderSn);
  }

订单服务消费实现：

maven配置：

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fshows.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

启动类代码注意订单服务启动类的注解 ：@EnableFeignClients @EnableCircuitBreaker @EnableDiscoveryClient

@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration.class})
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeignConsumeApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FeignConsumeApplication.class, args);
    }
}

订单服务的具体实现：

@FeignClient(value = "order-application",fallback = OrderClientFallback.class)
public interface OrderClient {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/getBankOrder",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    R<BankOrderDO> getBankOrder(@RequestParam("orderSn") String orderSn);
}

**
 * 熔断机制处理类
 * @author zhutr
 * @version OrderClientServiceImpl.java, v 0.1 2019-08-03 17:20
 */
@Component
public class OrderClientFallback implements OrderClient {

    /**
     * 熔断机制处理代码
     * @param orderSn
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public R<BankOrderDO> getBankOrder(String orderSn) {
        CommonResponseEnum.SERVER_ERROR.newException();
        return null;
    }
}