TCP通讯程序设计

1.编程模型

2.函数学习

创建套接字 socket

绑定地址     bind

地址类型

struct sockaddr {
    sa_family_t sa_family;
    char sa_data[14];
}

struct sockaddr_in {
    short int sin_family;
    short int sin_family;
    unsigned short int sin_port;
    struct in_addr sin_addr;
    unsigned char sin_zero[8];
}

struct in_addr {
    unsigned long s_addr;
}

地址转换

• in_addr_t inet_addr(const char *cp)
    功能：将字符串形式的IP地址转化为整数型的IP地址(网络字节序)
    范例： in_addr.saddr = inet_addr(“192.168.1.1” );
• char *inet_ntoa (struct in_addr)
    功能：将整数形式的IP地址转化为字符串形式的IP地址

网络字节序

uint32_t htonl(uint32_t hostlong);
    将32位的数据从主机字节序转换为网络字节序
    in_addr.saddr = htonl(INADDR_ANY)

uint16_t htons(uint16_t hostshort);
    将16位的数据从主机字节序转换为网络字节序

uint32_t ntohl(uint32_t netlong);
    将32位的数据从网络字节序转换为主机字节序

uint16_t ntohs(uint16_t netshort);
    将16位的数据从网络字节序转换为主机字节序

设置监听端口 listen

等待连接         accept

发送数据         send

接收数据         recv

关闭连接         close

连接服务器     connect

3.综合实例

/* tcp_server.c */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

#define portnum 3333

int main()
{
	int sockfd,newfd;
	struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
	struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
	char buffer[128];
	int nbyte;
	int sin_size;
	
	//创建socket
	if((sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1)
	{
		printf("create socket error\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	
	//设置要绑定的地址
	bzero(&server_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server_addr.sin_port = htons(portnum);
	server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	
	//绑定地址
	bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&server_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr));
	
	//监听端口
	listen(sockfd,5);
	
	while(1)
	{
		//等待连接
		sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
		newfd = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&client_addr,&sin_size);
		printf("server get connection from %s\n",inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr));
	
		//接收数据
		nbyte = recv(newfd,buffer,128,0);
		buffer[nbyte] = '\0';
		printf("server received :%s",buffer);
		
		//结束连接
		close(newfd);
	}
	close(sockfd);
	
	return 0;
}

/* tcp_client.c */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

int main()
{
	int sockfd;
	char buffer[128];
	struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
	
	//创建套接字
	if((sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1)
	{
		printf("create socket error\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	
	//设置要绑定的地址
	bzero(&server_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server_addr.sin_port = htons(3333);
	server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.1.2");
	
	//连接服务器
	connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)(&server_addr),sizeof(struct sockaddr));
	
	//发送数据到服务器
	printf("please input char :\n");
	fgets(buffer,128,stdin);
	send(sockfd,buffer,strlen(buffer),0);
	
	//关闭连接
	close(sockfd);
	return 0;
}