selenium+python+BeautifulSoup爬取知乎文章信息

本文通过selenium+python+BeautifulSoup来爬取知乎文章信息。

#知乎推荐文章爬取
#2017/8/6
# -*- encoding = utf-8 -*-

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import csv
import os
import time
import re

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

#登录知乎
def putcookies(account,password):
    try:
        driver.get('https://www.zhihu.com/#signin')
        WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "body > div.index-main > div > div.desk-front.sign-flow.clearfix.sign-flow-simple > div.index-tab-navs > div > a.active")))
        botton = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('body > div.index-main > div > div.desk-front.sign-flow.clearfix.sign-flow-simple > div.view.view-signin > div.qrcode-signin-container > div.qrcode-signin-step1 > div.qrcode-signin-cut-button > span')
        botton.click()
        form = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('body > div.index-main > div > div.desk-front.sign-flow.clearfix.sign-flow-simple > div.view.view-signin > form > div.group-inputs > div.account.input-wrapper > input[type="text"]')
        pas = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('body > div.index-main > div > div.desk-front.sign-flow.clearfix.sign-flow-simple > div.view.view-signin > form > div.group-inputs > div.verification.input-wrapper > input[type="password"]')
        sub = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('body > div.index-main > div > div.desk-front.sign-flow.clearfix.sign-flow-simple > div.view.view-signin > form > div.button-wrapper.command > button')
        form.send_keys(account)
        pas.send_keys(password)
        sub.click()
        try:
            print('请手动输入验证码')
            driver.implicitly_wait(10)
            driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#root > div > div:nth-child(2) > header > div > div.SearchBar > button')
        except NoSuchElementException:  
            sub.click()
    except:
        putcookies(account,password)

#滑动页面
def change_page(num):
    WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR,'#root > div > div:nth-child(2) > header > div > div.SearchBar > button')))
    for i in range(num):
        driver.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)')  
        time.sleep(3)

#解析页面
def findinf(html):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml')
    r = re.compile('(\d+)')
    links = soup.find_all('div',class_='Card TopstoryItem')
    for link in links:
        try:
            maininf = link.find(class_='Feed-meta-item').get_text()[-3:]#话题
            writer = link.find(class_='AuthorInfo-head').get_text()#作者
        except:
            continue
        try:
            intd = link.find('div',class_='RichText AuthorInfo-badgeText').string#作者个人介绍
        except:
            intd = ''
        title = link.find('h2',class_='ContentItem-title').get_text()#标题
        href = 'https://www.zhihu.com' + link.find('h2',class_='ContentItem-title').a['href']#文章链接
        try:
            support = link.find(class_='Button VoteButton VoteButton--up').get_text()#点赞
        except:
            support = link.find(class_='Button LikeButton ContentItem-action').get_text()#点赞
        try:
            talking = r.match(link.find('button',class_='Button ContentItem-action Button--plain').get_text()[:-3]).group()#评论数
        except:
            talking = ''
        content = link.find('span',class_='RichText CopyrightRichText-richText').get_text()#摘要
        yield  {
                'maininf': maininf,
                'writer':writer,
                'intd':intd,
                'title':title,
                'support':support,
                'talking':talking,
                'content':content,
                'href':href,
            }

#创建一个文件夹
def make(path):
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.makedirs(path)
#保存数据
def save_to_csv(inf,path):
    with open(path + '知乎文章信息概要采集.csv','a') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerow(['标题','作者','话题','作者个人介绍','点赞数','评论数','文章链接','摘要'])
        try:
            for i in inf:
                writer.writerow([i['title'],i['writer'],i['maininf'],i['intd'],i['support'],i['talking'],i['href'],i['content']])
        except:
            pass
#主函数
def main(account,password,num):
    path = 'D:/数据/知乎文章/'
    putcookies(account,password)
    change_page(num)   
    inf = findinf(driver.page_source)
    make(path)
    print('---'*43)
    print('{:^60}'.format('知乎文章概要'))
    print("***"*43)
    for i in findinf(driver.page_source):
        print('标题:{:<10s}'.format(i['title']))
        print('作者:{:>3s}'.format(i['writer']),end = ' '*5)
        print("话题:{:>3s}".format(i['maininf']))
        print('作者个人介绍:')
        print('{:<5s}'.format(i['intd']))
        print('点赞数:{:<2s}'.format(i['support']),end = ' '*5)
        print("评论数:{:3s}".format(i['talking']))
        print("文章链接:" + i['href'])
        print("摘要：")
        print('{:<5s}'.format(i['content']))
        print('---' *43)
    save_to_csv(inf,path)



#执行程序
if __name__ == '__main__':
    num = int(input('请输入要爬取的页面数：'))
    account = input("请输入知乎账号：")
    password = input("请输入知乎密码：")
    time_start = time.time()
    main(account,password,num)
    print("^^^"*43)
    print("共耗时{}秒".format(time.time()-time_start))
    driver.quit()