OpenCV实践：文件（或身份证）轮廓提取、切边与矫正

参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41695564/article/details/80077706

实现思路：通过边缘检测+轮廓检测或者直线检测最大外接矩形实现

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

Mat src_img, gray_img, dst_img;
int threshold_value = 100;      // 定义阈值，全局变量
int max_level = 255;			// 定义最大阈值，全局变量
const string output_win = "Contours Result";
const string roi_win = "Final Result";
void Check_Skew();        //声明函数，用于纠正倾斜  


int main()
{
	src_img = imread("D:\\02.jpg");
	if (src_img.empty()){
		return -1;
	}
	namedWindow("原图", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("原图", src_img);
	//纠正倾斜
	Check_Skew();         

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

void Check_Skew()
{
	Mat canny_output;
	cvtColor(src_img, gray_img, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);         //将原图转化为灰度图
	Canny(gray_img, canny_output, threshold_value, threshold_value * 2, 3, false);      // canny边缘检测

	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hireachy;
	findContours(canny_output, contours, hireachy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));    // 找到所有轮廓
	Mat drawImg = Mat::zeros(src_img.size(), CV_8UC3);
	float max_width = 0;       // 定义最大宽度
	float max_height = 0;      // 定义最大高度
	double degree = 0;         // 定义旋转角度
	for (auto t = 0; t < contours.size(); ++t)            // 遍历每一个轮廓   
	{
		RotatedRect minRect = minAreaRect(contours[t]);        // 找到每一个轮廓的最小外包旋转矩形，RotatedRect里面包含了中心坐标、尺寸以及旋转角度等信息   
		degree = abs(minRect.angle);
		if (degree > 0)
		{
			max_width = max(max_width, minRect.size.width);
			max_height = max(max_height, minRect.size.height);
		}
	}
	RNG rng(12345);
	for (auto t = 0; t < contours.size(); ++t)
	{
		RotatedRect minRect = minAreaRect(contours[t]);
		if (max_width == minRect.size.width && max_height == minRect.size.height)
		{
			degree = minRect.angle;   // 保存目标轮廓的角度
			Point2f pts[4];
			minRect.points(pts);
			Scalar color = Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255));  //产生随机颜色
			for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
			{
				line(drawImg, pts[i], pts[(i + 1) % 4], color, 2, 8, 0);
			}
		}
	}

	imshow("找到的矩形轮廓", drawImg);
	Point2f center(src_img.cols / 2, src_img.rows / 2);
	Mat rotm = getRotationMatrix2D(center, degree, 1.0);    //获取仿射变换矩阵
	Mat dst;
	warpAffine(src_img, dst, rotm, src_img.size(), INTER_LINEAR, 0, Scalar(255, 255, 255));    // 进行图像旋转操作
	imshow("Correct Image", dst);

}