day12-面向对象二

try-except-else

try:
    li = [1, 2, 3, 4]
    # li[4]  # 报错  我想把异常信息打印出来
# except IndexError as e:  # e = IndexError
#     print(e)
#     print("hello")
except Exception as e:
    # 类的对象实例调用__class__属性时会指向该实例对应的类，而后再调用 __name__ 就会输出该实例对应的类的类名
    print(e.__class__.__name__,":",e)
else:
    print('123')
"""
当try程序不报错时else正常执行 
否则不执行 
"""

123

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try-except-finally

try:
    li = [1, 2, 3, 4]
    li[4]  # 报错  我想把异常信息打印出来
# except IndexError as e:  # e = IndexError
#     print(e)
#     print("hello")
except Exception as e:
    # 类的对象实例调用__class__属性时会指向该实例对应的类，而后再调用 __name__ 就会输出该实例对应的类的类名
    print(e.__class__.__name__,":",e)
else:
    print('123')

finally:
    print('我最NB')
"""
不管你报不报错 程序都会执行finally的语句  
"""

IndexError : list index out of range
我最NB

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主动触发异常

def test(level):
    if level<5:
        raise Exception("没熟没熟")


try:
    test(6)
except Exception as e:
    print(e,'asd')
else:
    print("熟了 请吃")

 

熟了 请吃

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作业

print()
"""
创建一个学生类：
属性：姓名，年龄，学号 使用init方法 
方法：展示学生信息（自我介绍)  使用str方法
"""
class Student:
    def __init__(self,name,age,id_):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.id_ = id_

    def __str__(self):
        return f"我叫{self.name},我今年{self.age}岁,我的学号是{self.id_}"

zs = Student('张三',18,1)
print(zs)

我叫张三,我今年18岁,我的学号是1

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 单继承

# 单继承
class Grandfather:
    def __init__(self):
        print('Grandfather')

    def sleep(self):
        print("sleep")

    def eat(self):
        print("eat")


class Father(Grandfather):
    def eat(self):
        print("eatq")

    def drink(self):
        print("drink")


class Son(Father):
    def study_python(self):
        print("python")


s = Son()
s.study_python()
s.eat()
s.sleep()

Grandfather
python
eatq
sleep

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多态与鸭子类型

# class Animal(object):
#     """动物类"""
#     def func(self):
#         print('动物发出了声音')
#
#
# class Cat(Animal):
#     """猫类"""
#     def func(self):
#         print('喵 喵 喵')
#
#
# class Dog(Animal):
#     """狗类"""
#     def func(self):
#         print('汪 汪 汪 ')
#
# class Hero:
#     def func(self):
#         print('这个是英雄类的方法，不是动物类的对象')
#
#
# def work01(Animal):
#     Animal.func()  # 对象名.方法名()
#
#
# work01(Hero())  # 传入的对象
# # 传入不同的对象，产生不同的结果
# # 调用灵活 更容易编写出通用的代码

class Duck:
    def quack(self):
        print("嘎嘎嘎嘎。。。。。")

class Bird:
    def quack(self):
        print("bird imitate duck....")

class geese:
    def quack(self):
        print("geese imitate duck....")

def in_the_forest(asd):
    asd.quack()


duck = Duck()
bird = Bird()
geese = geese()
for x in [duck, bird, geese]:
    in_the_forest(x)

嘎嘎嘎嘎。。。。。
bird imitate duck....
geese imitate duck....

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多继承

# print()
# """情景1"""
# class Father1:
#     def run(self):
#         print("father1 run")
#
#
# class Father2:
#     def run(self):
#         print("father2 run")
#
#
# class Son(Father2, Father1):  # 拥有相同方法时，左边优先执行
#     pass
#
#
# s = Son()
# s.run()

"""情景2"""
# class Grandfather:
#     pass
#     # def sleep(self):
#     #     print("Grandfather sleep")
#
#
# class Father1(Grandfather):
#     def run(self):
#         print("father1 run")
#
#
# class Father2:
#     def sleep(self):
#         print(" Father2 sleep")
#
#
# class Son(Father1, Father2):  # 必须要左边的执行完了,才会执行右边的父类
#     pass
#
#
# s = Son()
# s.sleep()

class Grandfather1(object):   # ctrl+B
    def sleep(self):
        print("sleep 12")


class Father1(Grandfather1):
    def sleep(self):
        print("sleep 12")

    def run(self):
        print("father1 run")


class Father2(Grandfather1):
    def sleep(self):
        print("sleep 6")


class Son(Father1, Father2):  # 如果同根的话，根是最后才执行的
    pass


s = Son()
s.sleep()
print(Son.__mro__)  # 通过mro方法可以知道程序执行或者继承顺序的情况

 

sleep 12
(<class '__main__.Son'>, <class '__main__.Father1'>, <class '__main__.Father2'>, <class '__main__.Grandfather1'>, <class 'object'>)

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封装实例

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.__name = name
        self.age = age

    def __getname(self):
        # print(self.__name)
        print(f'{self.__name}')

    def printinfo(self):
        print(f'{self.__name},{self.age}')


p = Person('zhangsan', 18)
p.printinfo()
# 没有真正意义上的私用
p._Person__getname()  # 不建议同学们使用

 

zhangsan,18
zhangsan

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异常快速体验

# ipt = input("请输入:")
# ipt = float(ipt)
# print(ipt)
# ipt = 1
# print(ipt)

# try:
#     # 正常程序时执行代码块
#     ipt = input("请输入:")
#     ipt = float(ipt)
#     print(ipt)
#
# except Exception as e:
#     print('异常信息为:',e)
#     # 异常程序时执行代码块
#     ipt = 1
#     print(ipt)


li = [1, 2, 3, 4]
# print(li[4])  # IndexError: list index out of range

a = 1
b = 0
# c = a / b
# print(c)  # ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

# print(int("a"))  # ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'a'

try:
    li = [1, 2, 3, 4]
    li[4]  # 报错  我想把异常信息打印出来
# except IndexError as e:  # e = IndexError
#     print(e)
#     print("hello")

# 需要注意的是，该捕获方式仅能捕获IndexError这一类异常。那么实际上，这种细分的异常种类有很多，
# 可以通过其共同父类Exception捕获输出。
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
    # 类的对象实例调用__class__属性时会指向该实例对应的类，而后再调用 __name__ 就会输出该实例对应的类的类名
    print(e.__class__.__name__,": ",e,sep='')

 

list index out of range
IndexError: list index out of range

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断言

# print("*" * 20)
# if  2 == 2:
#     raise AssertionError
# print("*" * 20)


print("*" * 20)
if  2 == 2:
    try:
        raise AssertionError
    except Exception as e:
        print(e.__class__.__name__)
print("*" * 20)

********************
AssertionError
********************

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 方法的重写

# 父类
class A():
    def __init__(self):
        print('A')

    def test(self):
        print("20w")

# 子类
class B(A):
    def __init__(self):
        print('B')
        # A.__init__(self)  # 类名.方法名()
        # super(B, self).__init__()

    def test(self):
        print("100w")
        super(B, self).test()   # 同时实现父类的功能
        # A.test(self)


b = B()
b.test()

B
100w
20w

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自定义异常 

print()
"""判断密码长度  如果密码长度小于6 主动触发异常 并抛出异常信息(打印提示)"""
class ShortInputError(Exception):
    # 初始化方法
    def __init__(self, mypasswordlen, minlenght):
        self.mypasswordlen = mypasswordlen
        self.minlenght = minlenght

    def __str__(self):
        return f'你输入的密码长度为{self.mypasswordlen},不能低于{self.minlenght}'


def fun():
    try:
        password = input('请输入你的密码:')
        if len(password) < 6:
            raise ShortInputError(len(password), 6)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
    else:
        print('密码长度符合！！！')

for i in range(1,6):
    fun()

请输入你的密码:111
你输入的密码长度为3,不能低于6
请输入你的密码:10000000000
密码长度符合！！！
请输入你的密码:123556
密码长度符合！！！
请输入你的密码: