前言
从大二开始就对服务器开发,感兴趣,从Qt的QTcpServer和QTcpSocket到使用linux的epoll。后来有因为工作搞了一个nginx和php做app后台,后来想找个游戏服务器方面的工作,可是人家嫌你没开发经验,当时我毕业还没一年,能有多少锤子经验。问我熟悉boost.asio库吗,我说知道,没用过,然后就没有然后啦。老老实实做嵌入式开发。
echo服务器基本是学习网络编程里的”Hello world”。所以今天就拿它开刀。
事件驱动
服务器是一个事件驱动的运行形式,那么整个的事件调度就必须有东西来管理,什么时候该可以读,什么时候是能写的,那么就是boost.asio中的io_service类,其是线程安全的,就是多个线程可以共同操作它。
网络编程离不开socket,boost.asio中的ip::tcp::socket是对其的封装,想将其加到事件循环中,就是绑定到一个io_service上,在初始化的时候当成一个参数传递给它。
异步操作
nginx如此高性能得益于其异步操作,其是Reactor模式,数据的读写不是异步的,boost.asio是Proactor模式,数据的读写是异步的,但是看文档你会发现,在linux平台其实现是Reactor,在window上得益于iocp,实现了读写异步。不使用协程的前提下,使用回调来实现,异步操作通知。
代码如下:
TestEchoConnection封装了一个客户连接,TestEchoServer是echo服务器。
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#include <boost/function.hpp>
#include <boost/bind/placeholders.hpp>
#include <boost/system/system_error.hpp>
#include <boost/enable_shared_from_this.hpp>
#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
#include <boost/array.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
using namespace boost::asio;
typedef boost::shared_ptr<ip::tcp::socket> socket_ptr;
class TestEchoConnection;
typedef boost::shared_ptr<TestEchoConnection> TestEchoConnection_ptr;
typedef std::list<TestEchoConnection_ptr> ConnectionManager;
class TestEchoConnection : public boost::enable_shared_from_this<TestEchoConnection>
, private boost::noncopyable
{
public:
TestEchoConnection(io_service &server, ConnectionManager &connectManager)
: m_server(server)
, m_connectManager(connectManager)
, m_socket(new ip::tcp::socket(m_server))
{
}
~TestEchoConnection()
{
std::cout << "~TestEchoConnection" << std::endl;
}
ip::tcp::socket& socket()
{
return *m_socket;
}
void start()
{
m_socket->async_read_some(buffer(m_buffer), boost::bind(&TestEchoConnection::handle_read, shared_from_this(),
_1, _2));
}
void stop()
{
m_socket->close();
m_connectManager.remove(TestEchoConnection_ptr(shared_from_this()));
}
private:
void handle_read(const boost::system::error_code &ec, size_t data_size)
{
if (!ec) {
std::cout << "handle_read->data size:" << data_size << std::endl;
m_socket->async_write_some(buffer(m_buffer), boost::bind(&TestEchoConnection::handler_write,
shared_from_this(), _1));
// m_socket->async_read_some(buffer(m_buffer), boost::bind(&TestEchoConnection::handle_read, shared_from_this(),
// _1, _2));
}
else if (ec == error::operation_aborted || ec == error::eof) {
std::cout << "handle_read" << "remove" << std::endl;
stop();
}
}
void handler_write(const boost::system::error_code &ec)
{
if (!ec) {
memset(&m_buffer, 0, sizeof(m_buffer));
// m_socket->async_read_some(buffer(m_buffer), boost::bind(&TestEchoConnection::handle_read, shared_from_this(),
// _1, _2));
if (ec == error::operation_aborted) {
std::cout << "handler_write" << "remove" << std::endl;
stop();
}
}
stop();
}
private:
io_service& m_server;
ConnectionManager& m_connectManager;
socket_ptr m_socket;
boost::array<char, 1029> m_buffer;
};
class TestEchoServer : public boost::enable_shared_from_this<TestEchoServer>
, private boost::noncopyable
{
public:
TestEchoServer(io_service &service, int port)
: m_io_service(service)
, m_endpoint(ip::tcp::v4(), port)
, m_acceptor(m_io_service, m_endpoint)
{
}
~TestEchoServer()
{
}
void start_accept()
{
m_connect.reset(new TestEchoConnection(m_io_service, m_connectionManager));
m_acceptor.async_accept(m_connect->socket(), boost::bind(&TestEchoServer::handle_accept, shared_from_this(), _1));
}
private:
void handle_accept(const boost::system::error_code &err)
{
if (!err) {
m_connectionManager.push_back(m_connect);
m_connect->start();
}
start_accept();
}
private:
io_service& m_io_service;
ip::tcp::endpoint m_endpoint;
ip::tcp::acceptor m_acceptor;
ConnectionManager m_connectionManager;
TestEchoConnection_ptr m_connect;
};
// echo server
int main()
{
io_service service;
boost::shared_ptr<TestEchoServer> testserver(new TestEchoServer(service, 8090));
// TestEchoServer tesetserver(service, 8090);
// tesetserver.start_accept();
testserver->start_accept();
service.run();
return 0;
}
io_service::run()方法在有异步任务的时候是不会退出的,为了我们的服务器能够一直运行,所有必须在异步任务的回调中在添加一个异步任务,为了我可以使用web压力工具测试它,我在echo输出之后就关闭了这个连接,这样我的siege才能工作。
siege 127.0.0.1:8090 -t20s -c100
结果:
Lifting the server siege... done.
Transactions: 3834 hits
Availability: 100.00 %
Elapsed time: 19.38 secs
Data transferred: 3.23 MB
Response time: 0.00 secs
Transaction rate: 197.83 trans/sec
Throughput: 0.17 MB/sec
Concurrency: 0.21
Successful transactions: 3834
Failed transactions: 0
Longest transaction: 0.02
Shortest transaction: 0.00