【笔记】【LINQ编程技术内幕】第九章 执行集合运算

找出非重复元素（Distinct）

从一组表示成绩的数字中计算出中间成绩

var grades = new int[]{ 65, 72, 72, 75, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 81, 81, 85, 88, 91, 92, 92, 92, 95, 99, 100 };

var distinct = grades.Distinct();
Console.WriteLine("Median grade: {0}", distinct.ToArray<int>()[distinct.Count() / 2]);

通过对象的字段找出非重复对象

假设你有一个销售团队，而且你现在需要评估产品所销往的那些城市。该示例使用Distinct方法来找出城市的非重复列表。

class Program
{
	static void Main(string[] args)
	{
		List<Order> orders = GetOrders();
		
		Array.ForEach(orders.ToArray(), o => Console.WriteLine(Dump(o)));
		Console.WriteLine(orders.Count);

		// version 1 with extension method OrderBy
		var cities = orders.Distinct(new CityComparer());
		Array.ForEach(cities.OrderBy(o => o.ShipCity).ToArray(), orderedByCity => Console.WriteLine(orderedByCity.ShipCity));

		// version 2 with query
		var cities2 = from order in orders.Distinct(new CityComparer()) orderby order.ShipCity select order;
		Array.ForEach(cities2.ToArray(), orderedByCity => Console.WriteLine(orderedByCity.ShipCity));

		Console.WriteLine(cities.Count());
	}

	public static string Dump<T>(T obj)
	{
		Type t = typeof(T);
		StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

		PropertyInfo[] infos = t.GetProperties();

		// feel the enmity of your peers if you write code like this
		Array.ForEach(infos.ToArray(), p => builder.AppendFormat(
		 "{0}={1} ", p.Name, p.GetValue(obj, null) == null ? "" :
		 p.GetValue(obj, null)));
		builder.AppendLine();

		return builder.ToString();

	}

	public static List<Order> GetOrders()
	{
		string connectionString ="Server=localhost;Database=Northwind;Trusted_Connection=True;";

		List<Order> orders = new List<Order>();

		using (IDbConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
		{
			connection.Open();
			IDbCommand command = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Orders");
			command.Connection = connection;
			command.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
			IDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
			while (reader.Read())
			{
				orders.Add(new Order
				{
					OrderID = reader.IsDBNull(0) ? null : (int?)reader.GetInt32(0),
					CustomerID = reader.IsDBNull(1) ? null : reader.GetString(1),
					EmployeeID = reader.IsDBNull(2) ? null : (int?)reader.GetInt32(2),
					OrderDate = reader.IsDBNull(3) ? null : (DateTime?)reader.GetDateTime(3),
					RequiredDate = reader.IsDBNull(4) ? null : (DateTime?)reader.GetDateTime(4),
					ShippedDate = reader.IsDBNull(5) ? null : (DateTime?)reader.GetDateTime(5),
					ShipVia = reader.IsDBNull(6) ? null : (int?)reader.GetInt32(6),
					Freight = reader.IsDBNull(7) ? null : (decimal?)reader.GetDecimal(7),
					ShipName = reader.IsDBNull(8) ? null : reader.GetString(8),
					ShipAddress = reader.IsDBNull(9) ? null : reader.GetString(9),
					ShipCity = reader.IsDBNull(10) ? null : reader.GetString(10),
					ShipRegion = reader.IsDBNull(11) ? null : reader.GetString(11),
					ShipPostalCode = reader.IsDBNull(12) ? null : reader.GetString(12),
					ShipCountry = reader.IsDBNull(13) ? null : reader.GetString(13),
				}
				);
			}
		}

		return orders;
	}
}

class CityComparer : IEqualityComparer<Order>
{
	#region IEqualityComparer<Order> Members

	public bool Equals(Order x, Order y)
	{
		return x.ShipCity == null || y.ShipCity == null ?
		  false : x.ShipCity.Equals(y.ShipCity);
	}

	public int GetHashCode(Order obj)
	{
		return obj.ShipCity == null ? -1 : obj.ShipCity.GetHashCode();
	}

	#endregion
}

class Order
{
	public int? OrderID { get; set; }
	public string CustomerID { get; set; }
	public int? EmployeeID { get; set; }
	public DateTime? OrderDate { get; set; }
	public DateTime? RequiredDate { get; set; }
	public DateTime? ShippedDate { get; set; }
	public int? ShipVia { get; set; }
	public decimal? Freight { get; set; }
	public string ShipName { get; set; }
	public string ShipAddress { get; set; }
	public string ShipCity { get; set; }
	public string ShipRegion { get; set; }
	public string ShipPostalCode { get; set; }
	public string ShipCountry { get; set; }
}

通过Intersect（交集） 和 Except（差集）定义集合

var evens = new int[] { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 };
var fibos = new int[] { 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34 };

// Except 返回源序列中有而目标序列中没有的那些元素
var setDifference = evens.Except(fibos);
Array.ForEach<int>(setDifference.ToArray(), e => Console.WriteLine(e));
Console.WriteLine();

// Intersect 返回原序列和目标序列中都有哪些元素
var intersect = evens.Intersect(fibos);
Array.ForEach<int>(intersect.ToArray(), e => Console.WriteLine(e));

使用Union（并集）创建复合结果集

Union扩展方法将两个序列合并到一起毛病返回这个两个序列中唯一成员。如果自己变量代码将两个序列的所有元素加起来，然后在结果上调用Distinct，那么产生的结果与Union相同。

var evens = new int[] { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 };
var fibos = new int[] { 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34 };

var union = evens.Union(fibos);
Array.ForEach<int>(union.ToArray(), e => Console.WriteLine(e));