Create a connection-oriented socket

These server and client examples illustrate socket APIs written for a connection-oriented protocol such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

The following figure illustrates the client/server relationship of the sockets API for a connection-oriented protocol.

Socket flow of events: Connection-oriented server
The following sequence of the socket calls provide a description of the graphic. It also describes the relationship between the server and client application in a connection-oriented design. Each set of flows contain links to usage notes on specific APIs. If you need more details on the use of a particular API, you can use these links. The Example: A connection-oriented server uses the following sequence of function calls:

1. The socket() function returns a socket descriptor representing an endpoint. The statement also identifies that the INET (Internet Protocol) address family with the TCP transport (SOCK_STREAM) will be used for this socket.
2. The setsockopt() function allows the local address to be reused when the server is restarted before the required wait time expires.
3. After the socket descriptor is created, the bind() function gets a unique name for the socket. In this example, the user sets the s_addr to zero, which allows connections to be established from any IPv4 client that specifies port 3005.
4. The listen() allows the server to accept incoming client connections. In this example, the backlog is set to 10. This means that the system will queue 10 incoming connection requests before the system starts rejecting the incoming requests.
5. The server uses the accept() function to accept an incoming connection request. The accept() call will block indefinitely waiting for the incoming connection to arrive.
6. The select() function allows the process to wait for an event to occur and to wake up the process when the event occurs. In this example, the system notifies the process only when data is available to be read. A 30 second timeout is used on this select call.
7. The recv() function receives data from the client application. In this example we know that the client will send 250 bytes of data over. Knowing this, we can use the SO_RCVLOWAT socket option and specify that we do not want our recv() to wake up until all 250 bytes of data have arrived.
8. The send() function echoes the data back to the client.
9. The close() function closes any open socket descriptors.

Socket flow of events: Connection-oriented client
The Example: A connection-orientated client uses the following sequence of function calls:

1. The socket() function returns a socket descriptor representing an endpoint. The statement also identifies that the INET (Internet Protocol) address family with the TCP transport (SOCK_STREAM) will be used for this socket.
2. In the client example program, if the server string that was passed into the inet_addr() function was not a dotted decimal IP address, then it is assumed to be the hostname of the server. In that case, use the gethostbyname() function to retrieve the IP address of the server.
3. After the socket descriptor is received, the connect() function is used to establish a connection to the server.
4. The send() function sends 250 bytes of data to the server.
5. The recv() function waits for the server to echo the 250 bytes of data back. In this example, we know that the server is going to respond with the same 250 bytes that we just sent. In client example, the 250 bytes of the data may arrive in separate packets, so we will use the recv() function over and over until all 250 bytes have arrived.
6. The close() function closes any open socket descriptors.