嵌入式开发--实现应用层和硬件层分层管理

一、前言

        以STM32为例，打开网络上下载的例程或者是购买开发板自带的例程，都会发现应用层中会有stm32f10x.h或者stm32f10x_gpio.h，这些文件严格来时属于硬件层的，如果软件层出现这些文件会显得很乱。使用过Linux的童鞋们肯定知道linux系统无法直接操作硬件层，打开linux或者rt_thread代码会发现代码中都会有device的源文件，没错，这就是驱动层。

二、实现原理

        原理就是将硬件操作的接口全都放到驱动链表上，在驱动层实现device的open、read、write等操作。当然这样做也有弊端，就是驱动find的时候需要遍历一遍驱动链表，这样会增加代码运行时间。

三、代码实现
    国际惯例，写代码先写头文件。rt_thread中使用的是双向链表，为了简单在这我只用单向链表。有兴趣的可以自行研究rt_thread

   头文件接口:

   本次只实现如下接口，device_open  和device_close等剩下的接口可以自行研究。这样就可以在应用层中只调用如下接口可实现

/*
    驱动注册
*/
int cola_device_register(cola_device_t *dev);
/*
    驱动查找
*/
cola_device_t *cola_device_find(const char *name);
/*
    驱动读
*/
int cola_device_read(cola_device_t *dev,  int pos, void *buffer, int size);
/*
    驱动写
*/
int cola_device_write(cola_device_t *dev, int pos, const void *buffer, int size);
/*
    驱动控制
*/
int cola_device_ctrl(cola_device_t *dev,  int cmd, void *arg);;

头文件cola_device.h

#ifndef _COLA_DEVICE_H_
#define _COLA_DEVICE_H_


enum LED_state
{
    LED_OFF,
    LED_ON,
    LED_TOGGLE,

};

typedef struct cola_device  cola_device_t;

struct cola_device_ops
{
    int  (*init)   (cola_device_t *dev);
    int  (*open)   (cola_device_t *dev, int oflag);
    int  (*close)  (cola_device_t *dev);
    int  (*read)   (cola_device_t *dev, int pos, void *buffer, int size);
    int  (*write)  (cola_device_t *dev, int pos, const void *buffer, int size);
    int  (*control)(cola_device_t *dev, int cmd, void *args);

};

struct cola_device
{
    const char * name;
    struct cola_device_ops *dops;
    struct cola_device *next;
};

/*
    驱动注册
*/
int cola_device_register(cola_device_t *dev);
/*
    驱动查找
*/
cola_device_t *cola_device_find(const char *name);
/*
    驱动读
*/
int cola_device_read(cola_device_t *dev,  int pos, void *buffer, int size);
/*
    驱动写
*/
int cola_device_write(cola_device_t *dev, int pos, const void *buffer, int size);
/*
    驱动控制
*/
int cola_device_ctrl(cola_device_t *dev,  int cmd, void *arg);

#endif 

源文件cola_device.c

#include "cola_device.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>


struct cola_device *device_list = NULL;

/*
    查找任务是否存在
*/
static bool cola_device_is_exists( cola_device_t *dev )
{
    cola_device_t* cur = device_list;
    while( cur != NULL )
    {
        if( strcmp(cur->name,dev->name)==0)
        {
            return true;
        }
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    return false;
}


static int device_list_inster(cola_device_t *dev)
{
    cola_device_t *cur = device_list;
    if(NULL == device_list)
    {
        device_list = dev;
        dev->next   = NULL;
    }
    else
    {
        while(NULL != cur->next)
        {
            cur = cur->next;
        }
        cur->next = dev;
        dev->next = NULL;
    }
    return 1;
}

/*
    驱动注册
*/
int cola_device_register(cola_device_t *dev)
{
    if((NULL == dev) || (cola_device_is_exists(dev)))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    if((NULL == dev->name) ||  (NULL == dev->dops))
    {
        return 0;
    }
    return device_list_inster(dev);

}
/*
    驱动查找
*/
cola_device_t *cola_device_find(const char *name)
{
    cola_device_t* cur = device_list;
    while( cur != NULL )
    {
        if( strcmp(cur->name,name)==0)
        {
            return cur;
        }
        cur = cur->next;
    }
    return NULL;
}
/*
    驱动读
*/
int cola_device_read(cola_device_t *dev,  int pos, void *buffer, int size)
{
    if(dev)
    {
        if(dev->dops->read)
        {
            return dev->dops->read(dev, pos, buffer, size);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
/*
    驱动写
*/
int cola_device_write(cola_device_t *dev, int pos, const void *buffer, int size)
{
    if(dev)
    {
        if(dev->dops->write)
        {
            return dev->dops->write(dev, pos, buffer, size);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
/*
    驱动控制
*/
int cola_device_ctrl(cola_device_t *dev,  int cmd, void *arg)
{
    if(dev)
    {
        if(dev->dops->control)
        {
            return dev->dops->control(dev, cmd, arg);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

硬件注册方式:以LED为例，初始化接口void led_register(void)，需要在初始化中调用。

#include "stm32f0xx.h"
#include "led.h"
#include "cola_device.h"


#define PORT_GREEN_LED                 GPIOC                   
#define PIN_GREENLED                   GPIO_Pin_13              

/* LED亮、灭、变化 */
#define LED_GREEN_OFF                  (PORT_GREEN_LED->BSRR = PIN_GREENLED)
#define LED_GREEN_ON                   (PORT_GREEN_LED->BRR  = PIN_GREENLED)
#define LED_GREEN_TOGGLE               (PORT_GREEN_LED->ODR ^= PIN_GREENLED)


static cola_device_t led_dev;

static void led_gpio_init(void)
{
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(RCC_AHBPeriph_GPIOC, ENABLE);
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = PIN_GREENLED;                            
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_OUT;                     
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;                  
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_OType = GPIO_OType_PP;                     
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PuPd = GPIO_PuPd_NOPULL;                  
    GPIO_Init(PORT_GREEN_LED, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    LED_GREEN_OFF;
}

static int led_ctrl(cola_device_t *dev, int cmd, void *args)
{
    if(LED_TOGGLE == cmd)
    {
        LED_GREEN_TOGGLE;
    }
    else 
    {
        
    }
    return 1;
}


static struct cola_device_ops ops =
{
    .control = led_ctrl,
};

void led_register(void)
{
    led_gpio_init();
    led_dev.dops = &ops;
    led_dev.name = "led";
    cola_device_register(&led_dev);
}

应用层app代码:

#include <string.h>
#include "app.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "cola_device.h"
#include "cola_os.h"

static task_t timer_500ms;
static cola_device_t *app_led_dev;

//led每500ms状态改变一次
static void timer_500ms_cb(uint32_t event)
{
    cola_device_ctrl(app_led_dev,LED_TOGGLE,0);
}

void app_init(void)
{
    app_led_dev = cola_device_find("led");
    assert(app_led_dev);
    cola_timer_create(&timer_500ms,timer_500ms_cb);
    cola_timer_start(&timer_500ms,TIMER_ALWAYS,500);
}

这样app.c文件中就不需要调用led.h头文件了，rtt就是这样实现的

四、总结

这样就可以实现软硬件分层了，是不是非常好用！

五、代码下载链接

gitlib:https://gitee.com/schuck/cola_os