springCloud搭建分布式微服务学习--4--openFeign

1openFeign由来:
Feign 旨在使编写Java Http 客户端变得更容易。
前面在使用 Ribbon+RestTemplate时，利用RestTemplate 对http请求的封装处理，形成了一套模板化的调用方法。但是在实际开发中，由于对服务依赖的调用可能不止一处，往往一个接口会被多处调用，所以通常都会针对每个微服务自行封装一些客户端类来包装这些依赖服务的调用。所以，Feign 在此基础上做了进一步封装，由他来帮助我们定义和实现依赖服务接口的定义。在Feign 的实现下，我们只需创建一个接口并使用注解的方式来配置它（以前是Dao接口上面标注Mapper注解，现在是一个微服务接口上面标注衣一个Feign注解即可），即可完成对服务提供方的接口绑定，简化了使用Spring Cloud Ribbon时，自动封装服务调用客户端的开发量
总的来说,就是,利用Feign声明的注解类,调用服务注册中心的服务接口,
即openFeign集成了ribbon和RestTemplate,但其功能又不仅仅于此.

   **2步骤:**

1引入Pom.xml:

<dependencies>
    <!--openfeign-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--eureka client-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--引入自定义的api通用包，可以使用Payment支付Entity-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>common</artifactId>
        <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--web-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--一般基础通用配置-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2写Yml配置文件:

server:
  port: 81

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka
spring:
  application:
    name: openFeignOrder81
ribbon:
  #建立连接的out
  ReadTimeout: 5000
  #建立连接后读取资源的out
  ConnectTimeout: 5000

启动类中开启openFeign

package main;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients //开启Feign
public class OrderFeignMain80 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderFeignMain80.class,args);
    }
}

3写server层接口:

package main.server;

import main.entites.CommonResult;
import main.entites.Payment;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "PAYMENT")
//声明一个FeignClient客户端,value的值是注册中心中暴露的服务地址值
public interface FeighOrderServer {
    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")    //和服务端的保持一致即可
    CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
    }

4写controller层:

package main.controller;

import com.netflix.discovery.converters.Auto;
import main.entites.CommonResult;
import main.entites.Payment;
import main.server.FeighOrderServer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

@RestController
public class feighOrderController {
    @Resource
    private FeighOrderServer server;
    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return server.getPaymentById(id);
    }
    

5总结:

客户端服务接口根据 @FeigClient所显示的微服务名称去调用 服务暴露对外提供的方法。