iOS控件学习笔记 - UITextField

初始化

UITextField *textField = [[UITextField alloc]init];
textField.frame = CGRectMake(100,100, 200,20);
textField.placeholder = @"请输入信息";
[self.view addSubview:textField];

常用方法和属性

常用方法和属性	解释
textField.placeholder = @“请输入信息”;	设置占位文字
textField.tintColor = [UIColor orangeColor];	设置光标颜色
textField.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleLine;	设置边框样式
textField.autocorrectionType = UITextAutocorrectionTypeNo;	设置自动校正
textField.autocapitalizationType = UITextAutocapitalizationTypeAllCharacters;	设置自动大写
textField.returnKeyType = UIReturnKeyYahoo;	设置键盘返回按钮
textField.enablesReturnKeyAutomatically = YES;	设置键盘返回按钮不可点(当输入框内无文字时,返回按钮不可点)
textField.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeWhileEditing;	设置右侧全部清除按钮
[textField setValue:[UIColor redColor] forKeyPath:@"_placeholderLabel.textColor"]	修改textField的placeholder的字体颜色
[textField setValue:[UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:16] forKeyPath:@"_placeholderLabel.font"]	修改textField的placeholder的字体大小

设置占位文字样式

NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
dict[NSForegroundColorAttributeName] = [UIColor redColor];
NSAttributedString *attrStr = [[NSAttributedString alloc]initWithString:@"占位文字" attributes:dict];
textField.attributedPlaceholder = attrStr;

代理相关方法

- (void)textFieldDidBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField;//开始编辑 获取焦点
- (void)textFieldDidEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField;//结束编辑 失去焦点
- (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField;//点击键盘返回按钮 
- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string;//文本发生变化时触发此方法

监听UITextField的文字改变不建议使用代理, 用addTarget监听文字改变事件。
[textField addTarget:self action:@selector(textEditingChanged) forControlEvents:UIControlEventEditingChanged];

UITextField通知

UITextFieldTextDidBeginEditingNotification //开始编辑时
UITextFieldTextDidEndEditingNotification  //结束编辑时
UITextFieldTextDidChangeNotification     //文本发生变化时

UIKeyboard通知

UIKeyboardWillShowNotification   //键盘显示之前发送
UIKeyboardDidShowNotification   //键盘显示之后发送
UIKeyboardWillHideNotification    //键盘隐藏之前发送
UIKeyboardDidHideNotification     //键盘隐藏之后发送

键盘类型

textField.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad;
typedef enum {
    UIKeyboardTypeDefault,     　默认键盘，支持所有字符
    UIKeyboardTypeASCIICapable,　支持ASCII的默认键盘
    UIKeyboardTypeNumbersAndPunctuation,　标准电话键盘，支持＋＊＃字符
    UIKeyboardTypeURL,            URL键盘，支持.com按钮 只支持URL字符
    UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad,            　数字键盘
    UIKeyboardTypePhonePad,　 　电话键盘
    UIKeyboardTypeNamePhonePad, 　电话键盘，也支持输入人名
    UIKeyboardTypeEmailAddress, 　用于输入电子 邮件地址的键盘
    UIKeyboardTypeDecimalPad,   　数字键盘 有数字和小数点
    UIKeyboardTypeTwitter,      　优化的键盘，方便输入@、#字符
    UIKeyboardTypeAlphabet = UIKeyboardTypeASCIICapable,
} UIKeyboardType;

限制只能输入特定字符

方式1

- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string{
    NSCharacterSet *cs;
    //invertedSet方法是去反字符,把所有的除了number 里的字符都找出来(包含去空格功能)
    NSString *number = @"1234567890";
    cs = [[NSCharacterSet characterSetWithCharactersInString:number]invertedSet];
    NSString *filtered = [[string componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:cs]componentsJoinedByString:@""];
    BOOL canChange = [string isEqualToString:filtered];
    return canChange;
}

方式2(正则表达式)

- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string{
    NSString* number= @"^[0-9]*$";
    NSPredicate *numberPre = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@",number];
    return [numberPre evaluateWithObject:string];
}

限制输入字符长度

- (BOOL)textField:(UITextField *)textField shouldChangeCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range replacementString:(NSString *)string{
    NSString * toBeString = [textField.text stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:range withString:string];
    if ([toBeString length] > 10) {
        textField.text = [toBeString substringToIndex:10];
        return NO;
    }
    return YES;
}

点击页面空白处关闭键盘

UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(viewTapped:)];
[self.view addGestureRecognizer:tap];

-(void)viewTapped:(UITapGestureRecognizer*)tap{
    [self.view endEditing:YES];
}

更多属性 可以查看UIKit/Headers/NSAttributedString.h文件。