【原创性声明】:本文无实质性创新性内容,性质属于技术总结,内容是基于已有知识或定义的代码实现。文中的代码是我根据其他代码或者网络上的资料,写出的自己的版本。因为网络上的代码 C/C++ 版本的较少,或者本身不一定是最合适最容易使用的。所以我写的代码基本是以 C 语言和 C 字符串处理为主的,因此它也可以直接在 C++ 的项目中使用。
(1)Base64 编码。Base64 编码是把每 3 个字节转换成 4 个ascii 字符(根据字符表映射)。把文本编码后,对人来说难以直接阅读。结尾不足时可能有一到两个 "=" 字符的补齐。
code_Base64
//以下是 Base64.h 的内容:
size_t Base64_Decode(char *pDest, const char *pSrc, size_t srclen);
size_t Base64_Encode(char *pDest, const char *pSrc, size_t srclen);
//以下是 Base64.cpp 的内容:
BYTE Decode_GetByte(char c);
char Encode_GetChar(BYTE num);
//===================================
// Base64 解码
//===================================
BYTE Decode_GetByte(char c)
{
if(c == '+')
return 62;
else if(c == '/')
return 63;
else if(c <= '9')
return (BYTE)(c - '0' + 52);
else if(c == '=')
return 64;
else if(c <= 'Z')
return (BYTE)(c - 'A');
else if(c <= 'z')
return (BYTE)(c - 'a' + 26);
return 64;
}
//解码
size_t Base64_Decode(char *pDest, const char *pSrc, size_t srclen)
{
BYTE input[4];
size_t i, index = 0;
for(i = 0; i < srclen; i += 4)
{
//byte[0]
input[0] = Decode_GetByte(pSrc[i]);
input[1] = Decode_GetByte(pSrc[i + 1]);
pDest[index++] = (input[0] << 2) + (input[1] >> 4);
//byte[1]
if(pSrc[i + 2] != '=')
{
input[2] = Decode_GetByte(pSrc[i + 2]);
pDest[index++] = ((input[1] & 0x0f) << 4) + (input[2] >> 2);
}
//byte[2]
if(pSrc[i + 3] != '=')
{
input[3] = Decode_GetByte(pSrc[i + 3]);
pDest[index++] = ((input[2] & 0x03) << 6) + (input[3]);
}
}
//null-terminator
pDest[index] = 0;
return index;
}
//===================================
// Base64 编码
//===================================
char Encode_GetChar(BYTE num)
{
return
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
"0123456789"
"+/="[num];
}
//编码
size_t Base64_Encode(char *pDest, const char *pSrc, size_t srclen)
{
BYTE input[3], output[4];
size_t i, index_src = 0, index_dest = 0;
for(i = 0; i < srclen; i += 3)
{
//char [0]
input[0] = pSrc[index_src++];
output[0] = (BYTE)(input[0] >> 2);
pDest[index_dest++] = Encode_GetChar(output[0]);
//char [1]
if(index_src < srclen)
{
input[1] = pSrc[index_src++];
output[1] = (BYTE)(((input[0] & 0x03) << 4) + (input[1] >> 4));
pDest[index_dest++] = Encode_GetChar(output[1]);
}
else
{
output[1] = (BYTE)((input[0] & 0x03) << 4);
pDest[index_dest++] = Encode_GetChar(output[1]);
pDest[index_dest++] = '=';
pDest[index_dest++] = '=';
break;
}
//char [2]
if(index_src < srclen)
{
input[2] = pSrc[index_src++];
output[2] = (BYTE)(((input[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + (input[2] >> 6));
pDest[index_dest++] = Encode_GetChar(output[2]);
}
else
{
output[2] = (BYTE)((input[1] & 0x0f) << 2);
pDest[index_dest++] = Encode_GetChar(output[2]);
pDest[index_dest++] = '=';
break;
}
//char [3]
output[3] = (BYTE)(input[2] & 0x3f);
pDest[index_dest++] = Encode_GetChar(output[3]);
}
//null-terminator
pDest[index_dest] = 0;
return index_dest;
}
(2)UrlEncode (百分号编码)。方法是把输入的字符串先用 UTF-8 编码,然后把基本字符以外的字节用百分号加16进制的形式编码。UrlEncode 的最后一个参数含义是,编码结果中的16进制字符是否采用大写字母表示。
code_UrlEncode
BOOL UrlEncode(const char* szSrc, char* pBuf, int cbBufLen, BOOL bUpperCase);
BOOL UrlDecode(const char* szSrc, char* pBuf, int cbBufLen);
//百分号编码
//http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E7%99%BE%E5%88%86%E5%8F%B7%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81
BOOL UrlEncode(const char* szSrc, char* pBuf, int cbBufLen, BOOL bUpperCase)
{
if(szSrc == NULL || pBuf == NULL || cbBufLen <= 0)
return FALSE;
size_t len_ascii = strlen(szSrc);
if(len_ascii == 0)
{
pBuf[0] = 0;
return TRUE;
}
//先转换到UTF-8
char baseChar = bUpperCase ? 'A' : 'a';
int cchWideChar = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, szSrc, len_ascii, NULL, 0);
LPWSTR pUnicode = (LPWSTR)malloc((cchWideChar + 1) * sizeof(WCHAR));
if(pUnicode == NULL)
return FALSE;
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, szSrc, len_ascii, pUnicode, cchWideChar + 1);
int cbUTF8 = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, pUnicode, cchWideChar, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
LPSTR pUTF8 = (LPSTR)malloc((cbUTF8 + 1) * sizeof(CHAR));
if(pUTF8 == NULL)
{
free(pUnicode);
return FALSE;
}
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, pUnicode, cchWideChar, pUTF8, cbUTF8 + 1, NULL, NULL);
pUTF8[cbUTF8] = '\0';
unsigned char c;
int cbDest = 0; //累加
unsigned char *pSrc = (unsigned char*)pUTF8;
unsigned char *pDest = (unsigned char*)pBuf;
while(*pSrc && cbDest < cbBufLen - 1)
{
c = *pSrc;
if(isalpha(c) || isdigit(c) || c == '-' || c == '.' || c == '~')
{
*pDest = c;
++pDest;
++cbDest;
}
else if(c == ' ')
{
*pDest = '+';
++pDest;
++cbDest;
}
else
{
//检查缓冲区大小是否够用?
if(cbDest + 3 > cbBufLen - 1)
break;
pDest[0] = '%';
pDest[1] = (c >= 0xA0) ? ((c >> 4) - 10 + baseChar) : ((c >> 4) + '0');
pDest[2] = ((c & 0xF) >= 0xA)? ((c & 0xF) - 10 + baseChar) : ((c & 0xF) + '0');
pDest += 3;
cbDest += 3;
}
++pSrc;
}
//null-terminator
*pDest = '\0';
free(pUnicode);
free(pUTF8);
return TRUE;
}
//解码后是utf-8编码
BOOL UrlDecode(const char* szSrc, char* pBuf, int cbBufLen)
{
if(szSrc == NULL || pBuf == NULL || cbBufLen <= 0)
return FALSE;
size_t len_ascii = strlen(szSrc);
if(len_ascii == 0)
{
pBuf[0] = 0;
return TRUE;
}
char *pUTF8 = (char*)malloc(len_ascii + 1);
if(pUTF8 == NULL)
return FALSE;
int cbDest = 0; //累加
unsigned char *pSrc = (unsigned char*)szSrc;
unsigned char *pDest = (unsigned char*)pUTF8;
while(*pSrc)
{
if(*pSrc == '%')
{
*pDest = 0;
//高位
if(pSrc[1] >= 'A' && pSrc[1] <= 'F')
*pDest += (pSrc[1] - 'A' + 10) * 0x10;
else if(pSrc[1] >= 'a' && pSrc[1] <= 'f')
*pDest += (pSrc[1] - 'a' + 10) * 0x10;
else
*pDest += (pSrc[1] - '0') * 0x10;
//低位
if(pSrc[2] >= 'A' && pSrc[2] <= 'F')
*pDest += (pSrc[2] - 'A' + 10);
else if(pSrc[2] >= 'a' && pSrc[2] <= 'f')
*pDest += (pSrc[2] - 'a' + 10);
else
*pDest += (pSrc[2] - '0');
pSrc += 3;
}
else if(*pSrc == '+')
{
*pDest = ' ';
++pSrc;
}
else
{
*pDest = *pSrc;
++pSrc;
}
++pDest;
++cbDest;
}
//null-terminator
*pDest = '\0';
++cbDest;
int cchWideChar = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, (LPCSTR)pUTF8, cbDest, NULL, 0);
LPWSTR pUnicode = (LPWSTR)malloc(cchWideChar * sizeof(WCHAR));
if(pUnicode == NULL)
{
free(pUTF8);
return FALSE;
}
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, (LPCSTR)pUTF8, cbDest, pUnicode, cchWideChar);
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, pUnicode, cchWideChar, pBuf, cbBufLen, NULL, NULL);
free(pUTF8);
free(pUnicode);
return TRUE;
}
(3)获取本机 IP 地址和网卡物理地址。可能有多个网络适配器,但这里只是给出第一个适配器的结果。根据网络资料,获取网卡物理地址有多种方法。已知 IP 地址获取其物理地址可以使用 SendARP 方法。但对于本机来说,可以直接用 GetAdaptersAddresses 更适合,其返回结果为链表(list)形式。这里对 IP 默认为 IPv4(4个字节),网卡物理地址通常为 6 个字节。
code_GetMacAddress
#include <Winsock2.h>
#include <IPHlpApi.h> //for GetAdaptersAddresses
//获取本机的IP地址
BOOL GetIPAddress(unsigned char* buffer)
{
int bRet;
char hostname[256];
WSADATA wsadata;
struct hostent *pHost;
struct in_addr *pAddr;
WORD dwVersionRequested = MAKEWORD( 2, 2 );
bRet= WSAStartup(dwVersionRequested, &wsadata);
bRet= gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname));
pHost = gethostbyname(hostname);
if(pHost != NULL && pHost->h_addr_list[0] != NULL)
{
pAddr = (struct in_addr*)(pHost->h_addr_list[0]);
buffer[0] = pAddr->s_net;
buffer[1] = pAddr->s_host;
buffer[2] = pAddr->s_lh;
buffer[3] = pAddr->s_impno;
bRet = TRUE;
}
else
{
//取不到IP地址,则赋值默认值 255.255.255.255
memset(buffer, 0xff, 4);
bRet = FALSE;
}
WSACleanup();
return bRet;
}
//参数pMacAddr应该是8个字节的数组
BOOL GetMacAddress(unsigned char* pMacAddr)
{
DWORD nRet;
//只查询物理地址
DWORD nFlags = GAA_FLAG_SKIP_UNICAST
| GAA_FLAG_SKIP_ANYCAST
| GAA_FLAG_SKIP_FRIENDLY_NAME
| GAA_FLAG_SKIP_MULTICAST
| GAA_FLAG_SKIP_DNS_SERVER;
ULONG bufLen = 1024;
PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pAdapterAddr = (PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES)malloc(bufLen);
if(pAdapterAddr == NULL)
return FALSE;
//AF_INET: return only IPv4 addresses.
nRet = GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_INET, nFlags, NULL, pAdapterAddr, &bufLen);
if(nRet == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
{
pAdapterAddr = (PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES)realloc(pAdapterAddr, bufLen);
if(pAdapterAddr == NULL)
return FALSE;
nRet = GetAdaptersAddresses(AF_INET, nFlags, NULL, pAdapterAddr, &bufLen);
}
if(nRet == ERROR_SUCCESS)
{
memcpy(pMacAddr, &pAdapterAddr->PhysicalAddress, pAdapterAddr->PhysicalAddressLength);
free(pAdapterAddr);
return TRUE;
}
else
{
//ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff: 表示获取失败(未知)
memset(pMacAddr, 0xff, 6);
free(pAdapterAddr);
return FALSE;
}
}
(4)使用 SMTP 发送邮件。本文是参考看雪论坛上某文章中的代码。如果发送中文,应该在传输时,指定文本使用的编码,以防止接收端解释成乱码。以下代码引用了(1)中的 Base64 编码。
code_SendMail
#include <Winsock2.h>
typedef struct _SMTPINFO
{
char Server[32];
int Port;
char UserName[16];
char Password[16];
char From[32];
char To[32];
char Subject[32];
char Msg[256];
} SMTPINFO, *LPSMTPINFO;
BOOL Talk(SOCKET sockid, const char *szOkCode, char *pSend);
BOOL SendMail(const LPSMTPINFO pInfo);
//szOkCode: 是前一条命令成功时,预期的服务器的返回码
BOOL Talk(SOCKET sockid, const char *szOkCode, char *pSend)
{
const int buflen = 256;
char buf[buflen];
//接收返回信息
if (recv(sockid, buf, buflen, 0) == SOCKET_ERROR)
return FALSE;
if (strncmp(buf, szOkCode, strlen(szOkCode)) != 0)
return FALSE;
//发送命令
if (lstrlen(pSend) > 0)
{
WSABUF DataBuf;
DataBuf.len = lstrlen(pSend);
DataBuf.buf = pSend;
DWORD dwS;
if(WSASend(sockid, &DataBuf, 1, &dwS, 0, 0, 0))
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
BOOL SendMail(const LPSMTPINFO pInfo)
{
char buf[1024];
//准备网络连接
WSADATA wsadata;
if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsadata) != 0)
return FALSE;
//创建套接字
SOCKET sockid;
if ((sockid = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
WSACleanup();
return FALSE;
}
//得到smtp服务器ip
struct hostent *phostent = gethostbyname(pInfo->Server);
struct sockaddr_in addr;
CopyMemory(&addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr,
phostent->h_addr_list[0],
sizeof(addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr));
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(pInfo->Port);
ZeroMemory(&addr.sin_zero, 8);
//连接服务器
if(connect(sockid, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
goto STOP;
//EHLO 是对 HELO 的扩充命令。
strcpy(buf, "EHLO hoodlum1980\r\n");
if(!Talk(sockid, "220", buf))
goto STOP;
strcpy(buf, "AUTH LOGIN\r\n");
if(!Talk(sockid, "250", buf))
goto STOP;
size_t userlen = lstrlen(pInfo->UserName);
size_t passlen = lstrlen(pInfo->Password);
Base64_Encode(buf, pInfo->UserName, userlen);
strcat(buf, "\r\n");
if(!Talk(sockid, "334", buf))
goto STOP;
Base64_Encode(buf, pInfo->Password, passlen);
strcat(buf, "\r\n");
if (!Talk(sockid, "334", buf))
goto STOP;
//ZeroMemory(buf, buflen);
wsprintf(buf, "MAIL FROM:<%s>\r\n", pInfo->From);
if(!Talk(sockid, "235", buf))
goto STOP;
wsprintf(buf, "RCPT TO:<%s>\r\n", pInfo->To);
if(!Talk(sockid, "250", buf))
goto STOP;
strcpy(buf, "DATA\r\n");
if (!Talk(sockid, "250", buf))
goto STOP;
char szContent[512];
Base64_Encode(szContent, pInfo->Msg, strlen(pInfo->Msg));
wsprintf(buf,
"MIME-Version:1.0\r\nContent-Type:text/plain; charset=gb2312\r\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding:base64\r\nContent-Language:zh-cn\r\n"
"TO: %s\r\nFROM: %s\r\nSUBJECT: %s\r\n\r\n%s\r\n.",
pInfo->To, pInfo->From, pInfo->Subject, szContent);
if(Talk(sockid, "354", buf))
goto STOP;
strcpy(buf, "QUIT\r\n");
if(!Talk(sockid, "250", buf))
goto STOP;
strcpy(buf, "");
if(!Talk(sockid, "221", buf))
goto STOP;
else
{
closesocket(sockid);
WSACleanup();
return TRUE;
}
STOP:
closesocket(sockid);
WSACleanup();
return FALSE;
}
// 使用范例:
SMTPINFO info;
strcpy(info.Server,"smtp.***.com");
info.Port = 25;
strcpy(info.UserName,"XXXXX@***.com");
strcpy(info.Password,"*****");
strcpy(info.From, "XXXXX@***.com");
strcpy(info.To, "YYYYY@YYY.com");
strcpy(info.Subject, "邮件标题");
strcpy(info.Msg, "邮件内容。");
SendMail(&info);
(5)以 Post 形式发送 HTTP 请求。如果使用 C# 则可以使用 HttpRequest。由于是测试版本,以下代码在读取服务器响应时假设服务器的响应是短文本,因此没有判断服务器的响应是否已全部读取,并不是非常完善。在实际应用中应完善后使用。
code_HttpSendRequest
#include <Wininet.h>
BOOL SendHttpPost()
{
HINTERNET hInternet = InternetOpen(_T("HttpPostTest"),
INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PRECONFIG, NULL, NULL, 0);
if(hInternet == NULL)
return FALSE;
HINTERNET hConnect = InternetConnect(hInternet,
_T("www.xxx.com"),
INTERNET_DEFAULT_HTTP_PORT,
NULL, //user
NULL, //password
INTERNET_SERVICE_HTTP, 0, 0);
if(hConnect == NULL)
{
InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);
return FALSE;
}
LPCTSTR szTypes[] = { _T("*/*"), NULL };
TCHAR szData[1024], szResponse[1024];
TCHAR szContent[1024], szTemp[128];
//全英文的ascii字符集是UTF-8的子集,所以下面的字符串也可以看着是 UTF-8 编码的。
_tcscpy(szContent, _T("user=xxx&password=xxx"));
DWORD dwBytesAvailable = 0, dwBytesRead = 0;
HINTERNET hRequest = HttpOpenRequest(hConnect,
_T("POST"),
_T("/xxx/xxx.aspx"),
NULL, //version: "HTTP/1.1"
_T("http://www.xxx.com/xxx/xxx.aspx"), //referer
szTypes, //types
INTERNET_FLAG_HYPERLINK | INTERNET_FLAG_RELOAD, 0);
if(hRequest == NULL)
{
InternetCloseHandle(hConnect);
InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);
return FALSE;
}
BOOL bSuccess;
TCHAR headers[512];
_stprintf(headers, _T("Content-Length: %ld\r\n"), _tcslen(szContent));
_tcscat(headers,
_T("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n")
_T("xxx: yyy\r\n")
);
bSuccess = HttpSendRequest(hRequest,
headers, //additional header
_tcslen(headers), //headersLength
szContent,
_tcslen(szContent));
TCHAR szBuffer[1024];
DWORD bufLen = sizeof(szBuffer);
DWORD dwIndex = 0;
if(bSuccess)
{
//查询服务器返回的headers信息,内含传输内容使用的编码。
HttpQueryInfo(hRequest, HTTP_QUERY_RAW_HEADERS_CRLF,
szBuffer,
&bufLen, &dwIndex);
InternetQueryDataAvailable(hRequest, &dwBytesAvailable, 0, 0);
bSuccess = InternetReadFile(hRequest, szResponse, sizeof(szResponse), &dwBytesRead);
int count = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, szResponse, dwBytesRead, szDataUnicode, sizeof(szDataUnicode)/sizeof(szDataUnicode[0]));
count = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, szDataUnicode, count, szData, sizeof(szData)/sizeof(szData[0]), NULL, NULL);
szData[count] = '\0';
}
InternetCloseHandle(hRequest);
InternetCloseHandle(hConnect);
InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);
return bSuccess;
}
以下是 java 版本的类似代码:
code_SendRequest_java
public String SendRequest()
{
//发送post请求获取签名
String postData = "user=%s&password=%s";
byte[] postBytes = postData.getBytes();
URL url = new URL("http://www.xxx.com/xxx/xxx.aspx");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(postBytes.length));
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
connection.setRequestProperty("xxx", "yyy");
connection.setUseCaches(false);
connection.connect();
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
out.write(postBytes);
out.flush();
out.close();
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(960);
int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
if(responseCode == 200)
{
//获取服务器返回的数据
InputStream stream = connection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bufReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream));
String line = "";
while((line = bufReader.readLine()) != null)
buf.append(line);
}
return buf.toString();
}