谓词逻辑NSPredicate

一般来说这种情况还是蛮多的，比如你从文件中读入了一个array1，然后想把程序中的一个array2中符合array1中内容的元素过滤出来。

正 常傻瓜一点就是两个for循环，一个一个进行比较，这样效率不高，而且代码也不好看。

其实一个循环或者无需循环就可以搞定了，那就需要用搞 NSPredicate这个类了～膜拜此类～

1）例子一，一个循环

NSArray *arrayFilter = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"pict", @"blackrain", @"ip", nil]; NSArray *arrayContents = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"I am a picture.", @"I am a guy", @"I am gagaga", @"ipad", @"iphone", nil];

我想过滤arrayContents的话只要循环 arrayFilter就好了

int i = 0, count = [arrayFilter count]; for(i = 0; i < count; i ++) { NSString *arrayItem = (NSString *)[arrayFilter objectAtIndex:i]; NSPredicate *filterPredicate = [[NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF CONTAINS %@", arrayItem]; NSLog(@"Filtered array with filter %@, %@", arrayItem, [arrayContents filteredArrayUsingPredicate:filterPredicate]); }

当然以上代码中arrayContent最好用mutable 的，这样就可以直接filter了，NSArray是不可修改的。

2）例子二，无需循环

NSArray *arrayFilter = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"abc1", @"abc2", nil]; NSArray *arrayContent = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a1", @"abc1", @"abc4", @"abc2", nil]; NSPredicate *thePredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"NOT (SELF in %@)", arrayFilter]; [arrayContent filterUsingPredicate:thePredicate];

这样arrayContent过滤出来的就是不包含 arrayFilter中的所有item了。

3）生成文件路径下文件集合列表

NSFileManager  *fileManager = [NSFileManager   defaultManager ];  NSString *defaultPath = [[ NSBundle  mainBundle]  resourcePath];  NSError *error; NSArray *directoryContents = [fileManager  contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:defaultPath  error:&error]

4）match的用法

    1. 简单比较

NSString  *match = @"imagexyz-999.png" ;  NSPredicate *predicate = [ NSPredicate  predicateWithFormat: @"SELF == %@", match];  NSArray*results = [directoryContents  filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
2. match里like的用法（类似Sql中的用法）   NSString  *match = @"imagexyz*.png" ;  NSPredicate *predicate = [ NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"SELF like %@", match];  NSArray *results = [directoryContents  filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];3. 大小写比较 ［c］表示忽略大小写，［d］表示忽略重音，可以在一起使用，如下： NSString  *match = @"imagexyz*.png" ;  NSPredicate *predicate = [ NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"SELF like[cd] %@", match];  NSArray *results = [directoryContents  filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
4.使用正则  NSString  *match = @"imagexyz-\\d{3}\\.png" ; //imagexyz－123.png  NSPredicate *predicate = [ NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"SELF matches %@", match];  NSArray *results = [directoryContents  filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];

总结：

1） 当使用聚合类的操作符时是可以不需要循环的

2）当使用单个比较类的操作符时可以一个循环来搞定

PS，例子 一中尝试使用[@"SELF CONTAINS %@", arrayFilter] 来过滤会挂调，因为CONTAINS时字符串比较操作符，不是集合操作符。

Cocoa过滤器NSPredicate的完全用法  

2012-03-16 15:50:35|  分类： 数据库编程|字号 订阅

Cocoa用NSPredicate描述查询的方式，原理类似于在数据库中进行查询 计算谓词： //基本的查询 NSPredicate *predicate; predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name == 'Herbie'"];     BOOL match = [predicate evaluateWithObject: car];     NSLog (@"%s", (match) ? "YES" : "NO"); //在整个cars里面循环比较     predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower > 150"];     NSArray *cars = [garage cars];     for (Car *car in [garage cars]) {         if ([predicate evaluateWithObject: car]) {             NSLog (@"%@", car.name);         }     } //输出完整的信息     predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower > 150"];     NSArray *results;     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", results); //含有变量的谓词     NSPredicate *predicateTemplate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name == $NAME"];     NSDictionary *varDict;     varDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:                @"Herbie", @"NAME", nil];     predicate = [predicateTemplate predicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];     NSLog(@"SNORGLE: %@", predicate);     match = [predicate evaluateWithObject: car];   NSLog (@"%s", (match) ? "YES" : "NO"); //注意不能使用$VARIABLE作为路径名，因为它值代表值 //谓词字符窜还支持c语言中一些常用的运算符         predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:                  @"(engine.horsepower > 50) AND (engine.horsepower < 200)"];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"oop %@", results);         predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name < 'Newton'"];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]); //强大的数组运算符     predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:                  @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN { 50, 200 }"];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", results);         NSArray *betweens = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:                          [NSNumber numberWithInt: 50], [NSNumber numberWithInt: 200], nil];     predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN %@", betweens];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", results);     predicateTemplate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN $POWERS"];     varDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: betweens, @"POWERS", nil];     predicate = [predicateTemplate predicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", results); //IN运算符     predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);     predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"SELF.name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);         names = [cars valueForKey: @"name"];     predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"SELF IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];     results = [names filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];//这里限制了SELF的范围     NSLog (@"%@", results); //BEGINSWITH,ENDSWITH,CONTAINS //附加符号，[c],[d],[cd],c表示不区分大小写，d表示不区分发音字符，cd表示什么都不区分     predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH 'Bad'"];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", results);         predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH 'HERB'"];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", results);         predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH[cd] 'HERB'"];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", results); //LIKE运算符（通配符）     predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'"];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", results);         predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"];     results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];     NSLog (@"%@", results);