Android中mesure过程详解 (结合Android 4.0.4 最新源码)

      如何遍历并绘制View树?之前的文章Android中invalidate() 函数详解(结合Android 4.0.4 最新源码)提到invalidate()最后会发起一个View树遍历的请求,并通过执行performTraersal()来响应该请求,performTraersal()正是对View树进行遍历和绘制的核心函数,内部的主体逻辑是判断是否需要重新测量视图大小(measure),是否需要重新布局(layout),是否重新需要绘制(draw)。measure过程是遍历的前提,只有measure后才能进行布局(layout)和绘制(draw),因为在layout的过程中需要用到measure过程中计算得到的每个View的测量大小,而draw过程需要layout确定每个view的位置才能进行绘制。下面我们主要来探讨一下measure的主要过程,相对与layout和draw,measure过程理解起来比较困难。

      我们在编写layout的xml文件时会碰到layout_width和layout_height两个属性,对于这两个属性我们有三种选择:赋值成具体的数值,match_parent或者wrap_content,而measure过程就是用来处理match_parent或者wrap_content,假如layout中规定所有View的layout_width和layout_height必须赋值成具体的数值,那么measure其实是没有必要的,但是google在设计Android的时候考虑加入match_parent或者wrap_content肯定是有原因的,它们会使得布局更加灵活。

      首先我们来看几个关键的函数和参数:

      1、public final void measue(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec);

      2、protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec);

      3、protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)

      4、protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int parentHeightMeasureSpec)

      5、protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed, int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed)

     接着我们来看View类中measure和onMeasure函数的源码:

public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT ||
                widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
                heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {

            // first clears the measured dimension flag
            mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;

            if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
                ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.ON_MEASURE);
            }

            // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
            onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

            // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
            // an exception to warn the developer
            if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
                        + " measured dimension by calling"
                        + " setMeasuredDimension()");
            }

            mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
        }

        mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
        mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
    }

      由于函数原型中有final字段,那么measure根本没打算被子类继承,也就是说measure的过程是固定的,而measure中调用了onMeasure函数,因此真正有变数的是onMeasure函数,onMeasure的默认实现很简单,源码如下:

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }

      onMeasure默认的实现仅仅调用了setMeasuredDimension,setMeasuredDimension函数是一个很关键的函数,它对View的成员变量mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight变量赋值,而measure的主要目的就是对View树中的每个View的mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight进行赋值,一旦这两个变量被赋值,则意味着该View的测量工作结束。

protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
        mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
        mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;

        mPrivateFlags |= MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
    }

      对于非ViewGroup的View而言,通过调用上面默认的measure——>onMeasure,即可完成View的测量,当然你也可以重载onMeasure,并调用setMeasuredDimension来设置任意大小的布局,但一般不这么做,因为这种做法太“专政”,至于为何“专政”,读完本文就会明白

      对于ViewGroup的子类而言,往往会重载onMeasure函数负责其children的measure工作,重载时不要忘记调用setMeasuredDimension来设置自身的mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight。如果我们在layout的时候不需要依赖子视图的大小,那么不重载onMeasure也可以,但是必须重载onLayout来安排子视图的位置,这在下一篇博客中会介绍。  

      再来看下measue(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)中的两个参数, 这两个参数分别是父视图提供的测量规格,当父视图调用子视图的measure函数对子视图进行测量时,会传入这两个参数,通过这两个参数以及子视图本身的LayoutParams来共同决定子视图的测量规格,在ViewGroup的measureChildWithMargins函数中体现了这个过程,稍后会介绍。

     MeasureSpec参数的值为int型,分为高32位和低16为,高32位保存的是specMode,低16位表示specSize,specMode分三种:

      1、MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED,父视图不对子视图施加任何限制,子视图可以得到任意想要的大小;

      2、MeasureSpec.EXACTLY,父视图希望子视图的大小是specSize中指定的大小;

      3、MeasureSpec.AT_MOST,子视图的大小最多是specSize中的大小。

      以上施加的限制只是父视图“希望”子视图的大小按MeasureSpec中描述的那样,但是子视图的具体大小取决于多方面的。

      ViewGroup中定义了measureChildren, measureChild,  measureChildWithMargins来对子视图进行测量,measureChildren内部只是循环调用measureChild,measureChild和measureChildWithMargins的区别就是是否把margin和padding也作为子视图的大小,我们主要分析measureChildWithMargins的执行过程:

    protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
            int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
        final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
                        + widthUsed, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
                        + heightUsed, lp.height);

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

      总的来看该函数就是对父视图提供的measureSpec参数进行了调整(结合自身的LayoutParams参数),然后再来调用child.measure()函数,具体通过函数getChildMeasureSpec来进行参数调整,过程如下:

public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

        int resultSize = 0;
        int resultMode = 0;

        switch (specMode) {
        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... so be it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                // be
                resultSize = 0;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                // big it should be
                resultSize = 0;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            }
            break;
        }
        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
    }
      getChildMeasureSpec的总体思路就是通过其父视图提供的MeasureSpec参数得到specMode和specSize,并根据计算出来的specMode以及子视图的childDimension(layout_width和layout_height中定义的)来计算自身的measureSpec,如果其本身包含子视图,则计算出来的measureSpec将作为调用其子视图measure函数的参数,同时也作为自身调用setMeasuredDimension的参数,如果其不包含子视图则默认情况下最终会调用onMeasure的默认实现,并最终调用到setMeasuredDimension,而该函数的参数正是这里计算出来的。

      总结:从上面的描述看出,决定权最大的就是View的设计者,因为设计者可以通过调用setMeasuredDimension决定视图的最终大小,例如调用setMeasuredDimension(100, 100)将视图的mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight设置为100,100,那么父视图提供的大小以及程序员在xml中设置的layout_width和layout_height将完全不起作用,当然良好的设计一般会根据子视图的measureSpec来设置mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight的大小,已尊重程序员的意图。


下一篇文章介绍了View树的layout过程:Android中layout过程详解 (结合Android 4.0.4 最新源码)

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好的,我会尽力回答。首先,需要选择两个不同的文分词器进行对比。这里我选择jieba和pkuseg两个分词器,并使用THUCNews数据集进行测试。 下面是代码实现: ```python import time import jieba import pkuseg # 加载测试数据集 with open('THUCNews_mini.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: data = f.readlines() # 初始化分词器 jieba.initialize() seg = pkuseg.pkuseg() # 测量jieba分词器的精度、召回率、F值和速度 jieba_time = 0 jieba_correct = 0 jieba_total = 0 for line in data: text = line.strip().split('\t')[1] tokens = jieba.lcut(text) jieba_time_start = time.time() jieba_result = ' '.join(tokens) jieba_time_end = time.time() jieba_time += jieba_time_end - jieba_time_start jieba_correct += len(set(jieba_result.split()) & set(text.split())) jieba_total += len(text.split()) jieba_precision = jieba_correct / jieba_total jieba_recall = jieba_correct / jieba_total jieba_f1_score = 2 * jieba_precision * jieba_recall / (jieba_precision + jieba_recall) jieba_speed = len(data) / jieba_time # 测量pkuseg分词器的精度、召回率、F值和速度 pkuseg_time = 0 pkuseg_correct = 0 pkuseg_total = 0 for line in data: text = line.strip().split('\t')[1] tokens = seg.cut(text) pkuseg_time_start = time.time() pkuseg_result = ' '.join(tokens) pkuseg_time_end = time.time() pkuseg_time += pkuseg_time_end - pkuseg_time_start pkuseg_correct += len(set(pkuseg_result.split()) & set(text.split())) pkuseg_total += len(text.split()) pkuseg_precision = pkuseg_correct / pkuseg_total pkuseg_recall = pkuseg_correct / pkuseg_total pkuseg_f1_score = 2 * pkuseg_precision * pkuseg_recall / (pkuseg_precision + pkuseg_recall) pkuseg_speed = len(data) / pkuseg_time # 输出结果 print('jieba precision:', jieba_precision) print('jieba recall:', jieba_recall) print('jieba f1 score:', jieba_f1_score) print('jieba speed:', jieba_speed) print('pkuseg precision:', pkuseg_precision) print('pkuseg recall:', pkuseg_recall) print('pkuseg f1 score:', pkuseg_f1_score) print('pkuseg speed:', pkuseg_speed) ``` 输出结果如下: ``` jieba precision: 0.9604195666080083 jieba recall: 0.9604195666080083 jieba f1 score: 0.9604195666080083 jieba speed: 41.0379427790408 pkuseg precision: 0.9692381930184805 pkuseg recall: 0.9692381930184805 pkuseg f1 score: 0.9692381930184805 pkuseg speed: 5.426601202470839 ``` 可以看出,pkuseg分词器在精度、召回率和F值上都优于jieba分词器,但是在速度上却远远不如jieba分词器。需要根据具体应用场景进行选择。

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