- SQL中的单记录函数
- 1.ASCII
- 返回与指定的字符对应的十进制数;
- SQL> select ascii(’A’) A,ascii(’a’) a,ascii(’0’) zero,ascii(’ ’) space from dual;
- A A ZERO SPACE
- --------- --------- --------- ---------
- 65 97 48 32
- 2.CHR
- 给出整数,返回对应的字符;
- SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;
- ZH C
- -- -
- 赵 A
- 3.CONCAT
- 连接两个字符串;
- SQL> select concat(’010-’,’88888888’)||’转23’ 高乾竞电话 from dual;
- 高乾竞电话
- ----------------
- 010-88888888转23
- 4.INITCAP
- 返回字符串并将字符串的第一个字母变为大写;
- SQL> select initcap(’smith’) upp from dual;
- UPP
- -----
- Smith
- 5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)
- 在一个字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回发现指定的字符的位置;
- C1 被搜索的字符串
- C2 希望搜索的字符串
- I 搜索的开始位置,默认为1
- J 出现的位置,默认为1
- SQL> select instr(’oracle traning’,’ra’,1,2) instring from dual;
- INSTRING
- ---------
- 9
- 6.LENGTH
- 返回字符串的长度;
- SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;
- NAME LENGTH(NAME) ADDR LENGTH(ADDR) SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
- ------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
- 高乾竞 3 北京市海锭区 6 9999.99 7
- 7.LOWER
- 返回字符串,并将所有的字符小写
- SQL> select lower(’AaBbCcDd’)AaBbCcDd from dual;
- AABBCCDD
- --------
- aabbccdd
- 8.UPPER
- 返回字符串,并将所有的字符大写
- SQL> select upper(’AaBbCcDd’) upper from dual;
- UPPER
- --------
- AABBCCDD
- 9.RPAD和LPAD(粘贴字符)
- RPAD 在列的右边粘贴字符
- LPAD 在列的左边粘贴字符
- SQL> select lpad(rpad(’gao’,10,’*’),17,’*’)from dual;
- LPAD(RPAD(’GAO’,1
- -----------------
- *******gao*******
- 不够字符则用*来填满
- 10.LTRIM和RTRIM
- LTRIM 删除左边出现的字符串
- RTRIM 删除右边出现的字符串
- SQL> select ltrim(rtrim(’ gao qian jing ’,’ ’),’ ’) from dual;
- LTRIM(RTRIM(’
- -------------
- gao qian jing
- 11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)
- 取子字符串,从start开始,取count个
- SQL> select substr(’13088888888’,3,8) from dual;
- SUBSTR(’
- --------
- 08888888
- 12.REPLACE(’string’,’s1’,’s2’)
- string 希望被替换的字符或变量
- s1 被替换的字符串
- s2 要替换的字符串
- SQL> select replace(’he love you’,’he’,’i’) from dual;
- REPLACE(’H
- ----------
- i love you
- 13.SOUNDEX
- 返回一个与给定的字符串读音相同的字符串
- SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
- SQL> insert into table1 values(’weather’);
- SQL> insert into table1 values(’wether’);
- SQL> insert into table1 values(’gao’);
- SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex(’weather’);
- XM
- --------
- weather
- wether
- 14.TRIM(’s’ from ’string’)
- LEADING 剪掉前面的字符
- TRAILING 剪掉后面的字符
- 如果不指定,默认为空格符
- 15.ABS
- 返回指定值的绝对值
- SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;
- ABS(100) ABS(-100)
- --------- ---------
- 100 100
- 16.ACOS
- 给出反余弦的值
- SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;
- ACOS(-1)
- ---------
- 3.1415927
- 17.ASIN
- 给出反正弦的值
- SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;
- ASIN(0.5)
- ---------
- .52359878
- 18.ATAN
- 返回一个数字的反正切值
- SQL> select atan(1) from dual;
- ATAN(1)
- ---------
- .78539816
- 19.CEIL
- 返回大于或等于给出数字的最小整数
- SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;
- CEIL(3.1415927)
- ---------------
- 4
- 20.COS
- 返回一个给定数字的余弦
- SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;
- COS(-3.1415927)
- ---------------
- -1
- 21.COSH
- 返回一个数字反余弦值
- SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;
- COSH(20)
- ---------
- 242582598
- 22.EXP
- 返回一个数字e的n次方根
- SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;
- EXP(2) EXP(1)
- --------- ---------
- 7.3890561 2.7182818
- 23.FLOOR
- 对给定的数字取整数
- SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;
- FLOOR(2345.67)
- --------------
- 2345
- 24.LN
- 返回一个数字的对数值
- SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;
- LN(1) LN(2) LN(2.7182818)
- --------- --------- -------------
- 0 .69314718 .99999999
- 25.LOG(n1,n2)
- 返回一个以n1为底n2的对数
- SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;
- LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)
- --------- ---------
- 0 2
- 26.MOD(n1,n2)
- 返回一个n1除以n2的余数
- SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;
- MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)
- --------- --------- ---------
- 1 0 2
- 27.POWER
- 返回n1的n2次方根
- SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;
- POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
- ----------- ----------
- 1024 27
- 28.ROUND和TRUNC
- 按照指定的精度进行舍入
- SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;
- ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
- ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
- 56 -55 55 -55
- 29.SIGN
- 取数字n的符号,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0
- SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;
- SIGN(123) SIGN(-100) SIGN(0)
- --------- ---------- ---------
- 1 -1 0
- 30.SIN
- 返回一个数字的正弦值
- SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;
- SIN(1.57079)
- ------------
- 1
- 31.SIGH
- 返回双曲正弦的值
- SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;
- SIN(20) SINH(20)
- --------- ---------
- .91294525 242582598
- 32.SQRT
- 返回数字n的根
- SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;
- SQRT(64) SQRT(10)
- --------- ---------
- 8 3.1622777
- 33.TAN
- 返回数字的正切值
- SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;
- TAN(20) TAN(10)
- --------- ---------
- 2.2371609 .64836083
- 34.TANH
- 返回数字n的双曲正切值
- SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;
- TANH(20) TAN(20)
- --------- ---------
- 1 2.2371609
- 35.TRUNC
- 按照指定的精度截取一个数
- SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;
- TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)
- --------- ------------------
- 100 124.16
- 36.ADD_MONTHS
- 增加或减去月份
- SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date(’199912’,’yyyymm’),2),’yyyymm’) from dual;
- TO_CHA
- ------
- 200002
- SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date(’199912’,’yyyymm’),-2),’yyyymm’) from dual;
- TO_CHA
- ------
- 199910
- 37.LAST_DAY
- 返回日期的最后一天
- SQL> select to_char(sysdate,’yyyy.mm.dd’),to_char((sysdate)+1,’yyyy.mm.dd’) from dual;
- TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
- ---------- ----------
- 2004.05.09 2004.05.10
- SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;
- LAST_DAY(S
- ----------
- 31-5月 -04
- 38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
- 给出date2-date1的月份
- SQL> select months_between(’19-12月-1999’,’19-3月-1999’) mon_between from dual;
- MON_BETWEEN
- -----------
- 9
- SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date(’2000.05.20’,’yyyy.mm.dd’),to_date(’2005.05.20’,’yyyy.mm.dd’)) mon_betw from dual;
- MON_BETW
- ---------
- -60
- 39.NEW_TIME(date,’this’,’that’)
- 给出在this时区=other时区的日期和时间
- SQL> select to_char(sysdate,’yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss’) bj_time,to_char(new_time
- 2 (sysdate,’PDT’,’GMT’),’yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss’) los_angles from dual;
- BJ_TIME LOS_ANGLES
- ------------------- -------------------
- 2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32
- 40.NEXT_DAY(date,’day’)
- 给出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期
- SQL> select next_day(’18-5月-2001’,’星期五’) next_day from dual;
- NEXT_DAY
- ----------
- 25-5月 -01
- 41.SYSDATE
- 用来得到系统的当前日期
- SQL> select to_char(sysdate,’dd-mm-yyyy day’) from dual;
- TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,’
- -----------------
- 09-05-2004 星期日
- trunc(date,fmt)按照给出的要求将日期截断,如果fmt=’mi’表示保留分,截断秒
- SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,’hh’),’yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss’) hh,
- 2 to_char(trunc(sysdate,’mi’),’yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss’) hhmm from dual;
- HH HHMM
- ------------------- -------------------
- 2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00
- 42.CHARTOROWID
- 将字符数据类型转换为ROWID类型
- SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;
- ROWID ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME
- ------------------ ------------------ ----------
- AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH
- AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN
- AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD
- AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES
- 43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)
- 将源字符串 sset从一个语言字符集转换到另一个目的dset字符集
- SQL> select convert(’strutz’,’we8hp’,’f7dec’) "conversion" from dual;
- conver
- ------
- strutz
- 44.HEXTORAW
- 将一个十六进制构成的字符串转换为二进制
- 45.RAWTOHEXT
- 将一个二进制构成的字符串转换为十六进制
- 46.ROWIDTOCHAR
- 将ROWID数据类型转换为字符类型
- 47.TO_CHAR(date,’format’)
- SQL> select to_char(sysdate,’yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss’) from dual;
- TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,’YY
- -------------------
- 2004/05/09 21:14:41
- 48.TO_DATE(string,’format’)
- 将字符串转化为ORACLE中的一个日期
- 49.TO_MULTI_BYTE
- 将字符串中的单字节字符转化为多字节字符
- SQL> select to_multi_byte(’高’) from dual;
- TO
- --
- 高
- 50.TO_NUMBER
- 将给出的字符转换为数字
- SQL> select to_number(’1999’) year from dual;
- YEAR
- ---------
- 1999
- 51.BFILENAME(dir,file)
- 指定一个外部二进制文件
- SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename(’lob_dir1’,’image1.gif’));
- 52.CONVERT(’x’,’desc’,’source’)
- 将x字段或变量的源source转换为desc
- SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,
- 2 0,’none’,
- 3 2,’insert’,
- 4 3,
- 5 ’select’,
- 6 6,’update’,
- 7 7,’delete’,
- 8 8,’drop’,
- 9 ’other’) cmd from v$session where type!=’background’;
- SID SERIAL# USERNAME CMD
- --------- --------- ------------------------------ ------
- 1 1 none
- 2 1 none
- 3 1 none
- 4 1 none
- 5 1 none
- 6 1 none
- 7 1275 none
- 8 1275 none
- 9 20 GAO select
- 10 40 GAO none
- 53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)
- DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2类型的值
- SQL> col global_name for a30
- SQL> col dump_string for a50
- SQL> set lin 200
- SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;
- GLOBAL_NAME DUMP_STRING
- ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
- ORACLE.WORLD Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D
- 54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()
- 这两个函数都是用来对大数据类型字段进行初始化操作的函数
- 55.GREATEST
- 返回一组表达式中的最大值,即比较字符的编码大小.
- SQL> select greatest(’AA’,’AB’,’AC’) from dual;
- GR
- --
- AC
- SQL> select greatest(’啊’,’安’,’天’) from dual;
- GR
- --
- 天
- 56.LEAST
- 返回一组表达式中的最小值
- SQL> select least(’啊’,’安’,’天’) from dual;
- LE
- --
- 啊
- 57.UID
- 返回标识当前用户的唯一整数
- SQL> show user
- USER 为"GAO"
- SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;
- USERNAME USER_ID
- ------------------------------ ---------
- GAO 25
- 58.USER
- 返回当前用户的名字
- SQL> select user from dual;
- USER
- ------------------------------
- GAO
- 59.USEREVN
- 返回当前用户环境的信息,opt可以是:
- ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
- ISDBA 查看当前用户是否是DBA如果是则返回true
- SQL> select userenv(’isdba’) from dual;
- USEREN
- ------
- FALSE
- SQL> select userenv(’isdba’) from dual;
- USEREN
- ------
- TRUE
- SESSION
- 返回会话标志
- SQL> select userenv(’sessionid’) from dual;
- USERENV(’SESSIONID’)
- --------------------
- 152
- ENTRYID
- 返回会话人口标志
- SQL> select userenv(’entryid’) from dual;
- USERENV(’ENTRYID’)
- ------------------
- 0
- INSTANCE
- 返回当前INSTANCE的标志
- SQL> select userenv(’instance’) from dual;
- USERENV(’INSTANCE’)
- -------------------
- 1
- LANGUAGE
- 返回当前环境变量
- SQL> select userenv(’language’) from dual;
- USERENV(’LANGUAGE’)
- ----------------------------------------------------
- SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
- LANG
- 返回当前环境的语言的缩写
- SQL> select userenv(’lang’) from dual;
- USERENV(’LANG’)
- ----------------------------------------------------
- ZHS
- TERMINAL
- 返回用户的终端或机器的标志
- SQL> select userenv(’terminal’) from dual;
- USERENV(’TERMINA
- ----------------
- GAO
- VSIZE(X)
- 返回X的大小(字节)数
- SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;
- VSIZE(USER) USER
- ----------- ------------------------------
- 6 SYSTEM
- 60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)
- all表示对所有的值求平均值,distinct只对不同的值求平均值
- SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));
- 语句已处理。
- SQLWKS> insert into table3 values(’gao’,1111.11);
- SQLWKS> insert into table3 values(’gao’,1111.11);
- SQLWKS> insert into table3 values(’zhu’,5555.55);
- SQLWKS> commit;
- SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;
- AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
- ----------------
- 3333.33
- SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;
- AVG(ALLSAL)
- -----------
- 2592.59
- 61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)
- 求最大值,ALL表示对所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次
- SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
- MAX(DISTINCTSAL)
- ----------------
- 5000
- 62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)
- 求最小值,ALL表示对所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次
- SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;
- MIN(ALLSAL)
- -----------
- 1111.11
- 63.STDDEV(distinct|all)
- 求标准差,ALL表示对所有的值求标准差,DISTINCT表示只对不同的值求标准差
- SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;
- STDDEV(SAL)
- -----------
- 1182.5032
- SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
- STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)
- -------------------
- 1229.951
- 64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL)
- 求协方差
- SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;
- VARIANCE(SAL)
- -------------
- 1398313.9
- 65.GROUP BY
- 主要用来对一组数进行统计
- SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;
- DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
- --------- --------- ---------
- 10 3 8750
- 20 5 10875
- 30 6 9400
- 66.HAVING
- 对分组统计再加限制条件
- SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5;
- DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
- --------- --------- ---------
- 20 5 10875
- 30 6 9400
- SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ;
- DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
- --------- --------- ---------
- 20 5 10875
- 30 6 9400
- 67.ORDER BY
- 用于对查询到的结果进行排序输出
- SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;
- DEPTNO ENAME SAL
- --------- ---------- ---------
- 10 KING 5000
- 10 CLARK 2450
- 10 MILLER 1300
- 20 SCOTT 3000
- 20 FORD 3000
- 20 JONES 2975
- 20 ADAMS 1100
- 20 SMITH 800
- 30 BLAKE 2850
- 30 ALLEN 1600
- 30 TURNER 1500
- 30 WARD 1250
- 30 MARTIN 1250
- 30 JAMES 950
oracle函数大全
最新推荐文章于 2024-10-16 14:50:14 发布