MySQL必知必会_查询总结

语法：

    select 查询列表    ⑦
    from 表1 别名       ①
    连接类型 join 表2   ②
    on 连接条件         ③
    where 筛选          ④
    group by 分组列表   ⑤
    having 筛选         ⑥
    order by排序列表    ⑧
    limit 起始条目索引，条目数;  ⑨

#####################案例讲解

# 1. 查询工资最低的员工信息: last_name, salary

#①查询最低的工资
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees

#②查询last_name,salary，要求salary=①
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary=(
    SELECT MIN(salary)
    FROM employees
);

# 2. 查询平均工资最低的部门信息

#方式一：
#①各部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
#②查询①结果上的最低平均工资
SELECT MIN(ag)
FROM (
    SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep

#③查询哪个部门的平均工资=②

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary)=(
    SELECT MIN(ag)
    FROM (
        SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY department_id
    ) ag_dep

);

#④查询部门信息

SELECT d.*
FROM departments d
WHERE d.`department_id`=(
    SELECT department_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department_id
    HAVING AVG(salary)=(
        SELECT MIN(ag)
        FROM (
            SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
            FROM employees
            GROUP BY department_id
        ) ag_dep

    )

);

#方式二：
#①各部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

#②求出最低平均工资的部门编号
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) 
LIMIT 1;

#③查询部门信息
SELECT *
FROM departments
WHERE department_id=(
    SELECT department_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department_id
    ORDER BY AVG(salary) 
    LIMIT 1
);




# 3. 查询平均工资最低的部门信息和该部门的平均工资
#①各部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
#②求出最低平均工资的部门编号
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) 
LIMIT 1;
#③查询部门信息
SELECT d.*,ag
FROM departments d
JOIN (
    SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department_id
    ORDER BY AVG(salary) 
    LIMIT 1

) ag_dep
ON d.`department_id`=ag_dep.department_id;



# 4. 查询平均工资最高的 job 信息
#①查询最高的job的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC
LIMIT 1

#②查询job信息
SELECT * 
FROM jobs
WHERE job_id=(
    SELECT job_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY job_id
    ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC
    LIMIT 1

);
# 5. 查询平均工资高于公司平均工资的部门有哪些?

#①查询平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees

#②查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id

#③筛选②结果集，满足平均工资>①

SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary)>(
    SELECT AVG(salary)
    FROM employees

);

# 6. 查询出公司中所有 manager 的详细信息.
#①查询所有manager的员工编号
SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
FROM employees

#②查询详细信息，满足employee_id=①
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id =ANY(
    SELECT DISTINCT manager_id
    FROM employees

);

# 7. 各个部门中 最高工资中最低的那个部门的 最低工资是多少

#①查询各部门的最高工资中最低的部门编号
SELECT department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY MAX(salary)
LIMIT 1


#②查询①结果的那个部门的最低工资

SELECT MIN(salary) ,department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=(
    SELECT department_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department_id
    ORDER BY MAX(salary)
    LIMIT 1


);
# 8. 查询平均工资最高的部门的 manager 的详细信息: last_name, department_id, email, salary
#①查询平均工资最高的部门编号
SELECT 
    department_id 
FROM
    employees 
GROUP BY department_id 
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC 
LIMIT 1 

#②将employees和departments连接查询，筛选条件是①
    SELECT 
        last_name, d.department_id, email, salary 
    FROM
        employees e 
        INNER JOIN departments d 
            ON d.manager_id = e.employee_id 
    WHERE d.department_id = 
        (SELECT 
            department_id 
        FROM
            employees 
        GROUP BY department_id 
        ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC 
        LIMIT 1) ;

#

    #一、查询每个专业的学生人数
    SELECT majorid,COUNT(*)
    FROM student
    GROUP BY majorid;

    #二、查询参加考试的学生中，每个学生的平均分、最高分
    SELECT AVG(score),MAX(score),studentno
    FROM result
    GROUP BY studentno;

    #三、查询姓张的每个学生的最低分大于60的学号、姓名
    SELECT s.studentno,s.`studentname`,MIN(score)
    FROM student s
    JOIN result r
    ON s.`studentno`=r.`studentno`
    WHERE s.`studentname` LIKE '张%'
    GROUP BY s.`studentno`
    HAVING MIN(score)>60;
    #四、查询每个专业生日在“1988-1-1”后的学生姓名、专业名称

    SELECT m.`majorname`,s.`studentname`
    FROM student s
    JOIN major m
    ON m.`majorid`=s.`majorid`
    WHERE DATEDIFF(borndate,'1988-1-1')>0
    GROUP BY m.`majorid`;


    #五、查询每个专业的男生人数和女生人数分别是多少

    SELECT COUNT(*),sex,majorid
    FROM student
    GROUP BY sex,majorid;
    #六、查询专业和张翠山一样的学生的最低分
    #①查询张翠山的专业编号
    SELECT majorid
    FROM student
    WHERE studentname = '张翠山'

    #②查询编号=①的所有学生编号
    SELECT studentno
    FROM student
    WHERE majorid=(
        SELECT majorid
        FROM student
        WHERE studentname = '张翠山'

    )
    #②查询最低分
    SELECT MIN(score)
    FROM result
    WHERE studentno IN(

        SELECT studentno
        FROM student
        WHERE majorid=(
            SELECT majorid
            FROM student
            WHERE studentname = '张翠山'

        )
    )

    #七、查询大于60分的学生的姓名、密码、专业名

    SELECT studentname,loginpwd,majorname
    FROM student s
    JOIN major m ON s.majorid=  m.majorid
    JOIN result r ON s.studentno=r.studentno
    WHERE r.score>60;
    #八、按邮箱位数分组，查询每组的学生个数
    SELECT COUNT(*),LENGTH(email)
    FROM student
    GROUP BY LENGTH(email);
    #九、查询学生名、专业名、分数

    SELECT studentname,score,majorname
    FROM student s
    JOIN major m ON s.majorid=  m.majorid
    LEFT JOIN result r ON s.studentno=r.studentno


    #十、查询哪个专业没有学生，分别用左连接和右连接实现
    #左
    SELECT m.`majorid`,m.`majorname`,s.`studentno`
    FROM major m
    LEFT JOIN student s ON m.`majorid` = s.`majorid`
    WHERE s.`studentno` IS NULL;

    #右
    SELECT m.`majorid`,m.`majorname`,s.`studentno`
    FROM student s
    RIGHT JOIN  major m ON m.`majorid` = s.`majorid`
    WHERE s.`studentno` IS NULL;
    #十一、查询没有成绩的学生人数

    SELECT COUNT(*)
    FROM student s
    LEFT JOIN result r ON s.`studentno` = r.`studentno`
    WHERE r.`id` IS NULL