这篇文章作为Thread类源码剖析的补充,从一个侧面来看Thread源码。也解答了面试高频问题:“多次start一个线程会怎么样?”
答案是:java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException 线程状态非法异常 继承关系是:--->extends IllegalArgumentException--->extends RuntimeException一个运行时异常,下面我们从源码来透彻分析一下start()时做了什么。
1 /**
2 * Causes this thread to begin execution; the Java Virtual Machine
3 * calls the <code>run</code> method of this thread.
4 * <p>线程被执行,JVM调用run方法
5 * The result is that two threads are running concurrently: the
6 * current thread (which returns from the call to the
7 * <code>start</code> method) and the other thread (which executes its
8 * <code>run</code> method).
9 * <p>
10 * It is never legal to start a thread more than once.多次调用start方法启动一个线程是非法的
11 * In particular, a thread may not be restarted once it has completed
12 * execution.
13 *
14 * @exception IllegalThreadStateException if the thread was already已经启动的线程再次start,异常
15 * started.
16 * @see #run()
17 * @see #stop()
18 */
19 public synchronized void start() {
20 /**
21 * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
22 * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
23 * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
24 *
25 * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
26 */
27 if (threadStatus != 0)//状态校验 0:NEW 新建状态
28 throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
29
30 /* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
31 * so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
32 * and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
33 group.add(this);//添加进线程组
34
35 boolean started = false;
36 try {
37 start0();//调用native方法执行线程run方法
38 started = true;
39 } finally {
40 try {
41 if (!started) {
42 group.threadStartFailed(this);//启动失败,从线程组中移除当前前程。
43 }
44 } catch (Throwable ignore) {
45 /* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
46 it will be passed up the call stack */
47 }
48 }
49 }
50
51 private native void start0();
greop.add(this),把当前线程添加进线程组,源码如下:
1 /**
2 * Adds the specified thread to this thread group.
3 *
4 * <p> Note: This method is called from both library code
5 * and the Virtual Machine. It is called from VM to add
6 * certain system threads to the system thread group.
7 *
8 * @param t
9 * the Thread to be added
10 *
11 * @throws IllegalThreadStateException
12 * if the Thread group has been destroyed
13 */
14 void add(Thread t) {
15 synchronized (this) {
16 if (destroyed) {//线程组状态校验
17 throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
18 }
19 if (threads == null) {
20 threads = new Thread[4];//初始化长度为4的Thread数组
21 } else if (nthreads == threads.length) {//数组满了就扩容2倍
22 threads = Arrays.copyOf(threads, nthreads * 2);
23 }
24 threads[nthreads] = t;//新线程t添加进数组
25
26 // This is done last so it doesn't matter in case the
27 // thread is killed
28 nthreads++;//线程数加1
29
30 // The thread is now a fully fledged member of the group, even
31 // though it may, or may not, have been started yet. It will prevent
32 // the group from being destroyed so the unstarted Threads count is
33 // decremented.
34 nUnstartedThreads--;//未启动线程数-1
35 }
36 }
启动失败后调用group.threadStartFailed(this),都是加锁方法,从线程组中移除当前线程,源码如下
1 void threadStartFailed(Thread t) {
2 synchronized(this) {
3 remove(t);//移除线程t
4 nUnstartedThreads++;//未启动线程+1
5 }
6 }
7
8 private void remove(Thread t) {
9 synchronized (this) {
10 if (destroyed) {
11 return;
12 }
13 for (int i = 0 ; i < nthreads ; i++) {
14 if (threads[i] == t) {
15 System.arraycopy(threads, i + 1, threads, i, --nthreads - i);
16 // Zap dangling reference to the dead thread so that
17 // the garbage collector will collect it.
18 threads[nthreads] = null;
19 break;
20 }
21 }
22 }
23 }