基于windows的I/O复用

I/O复用技术主要就是select函数的使用。

                                          

使用select函数可以同时监视多个文件描述符。当然，监视文件描述符可以视为监视套接字。此时首先需要将要监视的文件描述符集中到一起。集中时也要按照监视项（接收、传输、异常）进行区分，即按照上述3种监视项分成3类。

  使用fd_set数组变量执行此项操作，如图。该数组时存有0和1的位数组。（liux的是维数组，windows的是句柄数组，这并没有影响，用法和下面宏的用法都是一样的，前面说的linux文件描述符脑海中自动替换成套接字句柄即可）。

                                            

如果该位置位1，则表示该文件描述符时监视对象。

在fd_set变量中注册或更改值得操作都由下列宏完成：

                                  

              

          

                 

             

代码：

客户端

#include<iostream>
#include<WinSock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#define bufsize 1024
using namespace std;
void main() {
	WSADATA wsadata;
	SOCKET clientSocket;
	SOCKADDR_IN  serverAddr;
	int  recvCnt;

	char message[bufsize] = "\0";
	if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsadata) != 0)
		cout << "WSAStartup() error" << endl;

	if ((clientSocket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == INVALID_SOCKET)
		cout << "socket()  error" << endl;

	serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
	serverAddr.sin_port = htons(9999);

	if(connect(clientSocket, (SOCKADDR*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr))==SOCKET_ERROR)
		cout<<"connect() error"<<endl;

	while (1) {
		cout << "输入Q或q退出：";
		cin >> message;
		if (!strcmp(message, "Q") || !strcmp(message, "q")) break;
		send(clientSocket, message, strlen(message), 0);
		memset(message, 0, sizeof(message));
		recv(clientSocket, message, bufsize, 0);
		cout << "服务器结果：" << message << endl;
	}
	closesocket(clientSocket);
	WSACleanup();
}

服务器端

#include<iostream>
#include<WinSock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#define bufsize 1024
using namespace std;
void main() {
	WSADATA wsadata;
	SOCKET serverSocket,clientSocket;
	int szClientAddr,fdnum,str_len;
	SOCKADDR_IN  serverAddr, clientAddr;
	fd_set reads, cpyReads;
	TIMEVAL timeout;
	char message[bufsize] = "\0";

	if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsadata)!=0)
		cout<<"WSAStartup() error"<<endl;

	serverSocket = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if(serverSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
		cout<<"socket()  error"<<endl;

	memset(&serverAddr, 0, sizeof(serverAddr));
	serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	serverAddr.sin_port = htons(9999);

	if (bind(serverSocket, (SOCKADDR*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
		cout << "bind () error" << endl;

	listen(serverSocket, 5);
	cout << "服务器启动成功！" << endl;

	FD_ZERO(&reads);  //所有初始化为0
	FD_SET(serverSocket, &reads);  //将服务器套接字存入

	while (1) {
		cpyReads = reads;   
		timeout.tv_sec = 5;      //5秒
		timeout.tv_usec = 5000;   //5000毫秒

		//找出监听中发出请求的套接字
		if ((fdnum = select(0, &cpyReads, 0, 0, &timeout)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
			break;
		if (fdnum == 0) {
			cout << "time out!" << endl; 
			continue;
		}
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < reads.fd_count; i++) {
			if (FD_ISSET(reads.fd_array[i], &cpyReads)) { //判断是否为发出请求的套接字
				if (reads.fd_array[i] == serverSocket) {  //是否为服务器套接字
					szClientAddr = sizeof(clientAddr);
					clientSocket = accept(serverSocket, (SOCKADDR*)&clientAddr, &szClientAddr);
					if (clientSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)  cout << "accept() error" << endl;
					FD_SET(clientSocket, &reads);
					cout << "连接的客户端是：" << clientSocket << endl;
				}
				else {//否  就是客户端
					str_len = recv(reads.fd_array[i], message, bufsize - 1, 0);
					if (str_len == 0) {//根据接受数据的大小 判断是否是关闭
						FD_CLR(reads.fd_array[i], &reads);  //清除数组中该套接字
						closesocket(cpyReads.fd_array[i]);
						cout << "关闭的客户端是：" << cpyReads.fd_array[i] << endl;
					}
					else {
						send(reads.fd_array[i], message, str_len, 0);
					}
				}
			}
		}	
	}
	closesocket(clientSocket);
	closesocket(serverSocket);
	WSACleanup();
}