【并发编程】8种单例模式

单例模式

1、饿汉式（静态常量）-可用

public class Singleton {

    private final static Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();

    private Singleton(){}

    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}

2、饿汉式（静态代码块）-可用

public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton instance;

    static {
        instance = new Singleton();
    }

    private Singleton() {}

    public Singleton getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }
}

3、懒汉式（线程不安全）-不可用

public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton singleton;

    private Singleton() {}

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if (singleton == null) {
            singleton = new Singleton();
        }
        return singleton;
    }
}

4、懒汉式（线程安全，同步方法）-不推荐用

public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton singleton;

    private Singleton() {}

    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {
        if (singleton == null) {
            singleton = new Singleton();
        }
        return singleton;
    }
}

5、懒汉式（线程安全，同步代码块）-不可用

public class Singleton {

    private static Singleton singleton;

    private Singleton() {}

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if (singleton == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton.class) {
                singleton = new Singleton();
            }
        }
        return singleton;
    }
}

6、双重检查-推荐用

/**
 * 懒汉模式 -》 双重同步锁单例模式
 * 单例实例在第一次使用时进行创建
 */
@ThreadSafe
public class SingletonExample5 {

    // 私有构造函数
    private SingletonExample5() {

    }

    // 1、memory = allocate() 分配对象的内存空间
    // 2、ctorInstance() 初始化对象
    // 3、instance = memory 设置instance指向刚分配的内存

    // 单例对象 volatile + 双重检测机制 -> 禁止指令重排
    private volatile static SingletonExample5 instance = null;

    // 静态的工厂方法
    public static SingletonExample5 getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) { // 双重检测机制        // B
            synchronized (SingletonExample5.class) { // 同步锁
                if (instance == null) {
                    instance = new SingletonExample5(); // A - 3
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

7、静态内部类-推荐用

public class Singleton {

    private Singleton() {}

    private static class SingletonInstance {
        private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return SingletonInstance.INSTANCE;
    }
}

8、枚举-推荐用

/**
 * 枚举模式：最安全
 */
@ThreadSafe
@Recommend
public class SingletonExample7 {

    // 私有构造函数
    private SingletonExample7() {

    }

    public static SingletonExample7 getInstance() {
        return Singleton.INSTANCE.getInstance();
    }

    private enum Singleton {
        INSTANCE;

        private SingletonExample7 singleton;

        // JVM保证这个方法绝对只调用一次
        Singleton() {
            singleton = new SingletonExample7();
        }

        public SingletonExample7 getInstance() {
            return singleton;
        }
    }
}