Java8函数式编程之五：方法引用详解

方法引用详解：（method reference）
某些时候，Lambda表达式方法体的实现正好是已经存在的方法能够提供的功能，那么此时就可以用已经存在的方法替换Lambda表达式。
是Lambda的一种特殊情况，或者说是Lambda表达式的一种语法糖。

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Lambda表达式的语法与方法引用的语法对比：

1.比较1
(Trade trade) -> trade.getMoney()      
Trade :: getMoney

2.比较2

() -> Thread.currentThread().dumpStack()
Thread.currrntThread() :: dumpStack

3.比较3

(str,i) -> str.substring(i)
String :: substring

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实例1:

public class MethodReferenceDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("hello","world","hello world");
        //使用lambda表达式
        list.forEach(item -> System.out.print(item));
        //使用方法引用
        list.forEach(System.out :: print);
    }
}

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我们可以将方法引用分为4类：

1.类名 :: 静态方法名
2.引用名(对象名) :: 实例方法名
3.类名 :: 实例方法名
4.构造方法引用 类名 :: new

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实例1 ： 类名 :: 静态方法名

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int score;

    public Student(String name, int score) {
        this.name = name;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(int score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    //写两个静态方法
    //根据分数进行比较
    public static int compareStudentByScore(Student student1,Student student2){
        return student1.getScore() - student2.getScore();
    }
    //根据名字进行比较
    public  static int compareStudentByName(Student student1,Student student2){
        return student1.getName().compareToIgnoreCase(student2.getName());
    }

}

__

public class MethodReferenceTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Student student1 = new Student("zhangsan",44);
        Student student2 = new Student("lisi",55);
        Student student3 = new Student("wangwu",76);
        Student student4 = new Student("zhanoliu",98);

        List<Student> students = Arrays.asList(student1,student2,student3,student4);

        //使用lambda表达式
        students.sort((s1,s2) -> Student.compareStudentByScore(s1,s2));
        students.forEach(student -> System.out.println(student.getScore()));

        //使用方法引用
        students.sort(Student :: compareStudentByScore);
        students.forEach(student -> System.out.println(student.getScore()));

    }

}

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实例2 ：引用名（对象名） :: 实例方法名

public class StudentComparator {
    //根据分数进行比较
    public  int compareStudentByScore(Student student1,Student student2){
        return student1.getScore() - student2.getScore();
    }
    //根据名字进行比较
    public   int compareStudentByName(Student student1,Student student2){
        return student1.getName().compareToIgnoreCase(student2.getName());
    }

}

——————

public class MethodReferenceTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Student student1 = new Student("zhangsan",44);
        Student student2 = new Student("lisi",55);
        Student student3 = new Student("wangwu",76);
        Student student4 = new Student("zhanoliu",98);

        List<Student> students = Arrays.asList(student1,student2,student3,student4);

        StudentComparator comparator = new StudentComparator();
        //使用lambda表达式
        students.sort((s1,s2) -> comparator.compareStudentByScore(s1,s2));
        students.forEach(student -> System.out.println(student.getScore()));
        students.sort((s1,s2) -> comparator.compareStudentByName(s1,s2));
        students.forEach(student -> System.out.println(student.getName()));

        //使用方法引用
        students.sort(comparator :: compareStudentByScore);
        students.forEach(student -> System.out.println(student.getScore()));
        students.sort(comparator :: compareStudentByName);
        students.forEach(student -> System.out.println(student.getName()));

    }

}

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实例3 ： 类名 :: 实例方法名

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int score;

    public Student(String name, int score) {
        this.name = name;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(int score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    //比上文更好的设计，使用当前的score与传进来的score进行比较
    public int compareByScore(Student student){
        return this.getScore() - student.getScore();
    }
    public int compareByName(Student student){
        return this.getName().compareToIgnoreCase(student.getName());
    }

}

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public class MethodReferenceTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student1 = new Student("zhangsan", 44);
        Student student2 = new Student("lisi", 55);
        Student student3 = new Student("wangwu", 76);
        Student student4 = new Student("zhanoliu", 98);

        List<Student> students = Arrays.asList(student1, student2, student3, student4);

        students.sort(Student::compareByScore);
        students.forEach(student ->    System.out.println(student.getScore()));

    }

}

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实例4 ： 类名 :: new

public class MethodReferenceTest {
    public String getString(Supplier<String> supplier){
        return supplier.get() +"test";
    }
    public String getString2(String str , Function<String,String> function){
        return function.apply(str);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student1 = new Student("zhangsan", 44);
        Student student2 = new Student("lisi", 55);
        Student student3 = new Student("wangwu", 76);
        Student student4 = new Student("zhanoliu", 98);

        List<Student> students = Arrays.asList(student1, student2, student3, student4);

       MethodReferenceTest test = new MethodReferenceTest();
       System.out.println(test.getString(String :: new));
       System.out.println(test.getString2("hello",String ::new));
    }

}

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好的，方法引用的全部类型就是上面这么多了，总结来说，方法引用就是lambda表达式的一种语法糖而已。

下一篇博客开始，我们开始学习Java8中最重要的一个部分，也就是Stream（流）。