Java的serialization提供了一种持久化对象实例的机制。当持久化对象时,可能有一个特殊的对象数据成员,我们不想用serialization机制来保存它。为了在一个特定对象的一个域上关闭serialization,可以在这个域前加上关键字transient。 transient是Java语言的关键字,用来表示一个域不是该对象串行化的一部分。当一个对象被串行化的时候,transient型变量的值不包括在串行化的表示中,然而非transient型的变量是被包括进去的。 注意:static变量也是可以串行化的。直接上代码:
1、定义LoggingInfo实现Serializable如下:
package zmx.serialization.test;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
public class LoggingInfo implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -4377820862232402359L;
public static long size = 0L;
private Date loggingDate = new Date();
private String uid;
private transient String pwd;
LoggingInfo(String user, String password) {
uid = user;
pwd = password;
}
public String toString() {
String password = null;
if (pwd == null) {
password = "NOT SET";
} else {
password = pwd;
}
return "logon info: \n " + "user: " + uid + "\n logging date : "
+ loggingDate.toString() + "\n password: " + password+" size : "+ size;
}
}
2、对象保存与读取的代码:ObjectIO.java
package zmx.serialization.test;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
public class ObjectIO {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LoggingInfo logInfo = new LoggingInfo("MIKE", "MECHANICS");
LoggingInfo.size = 100;
System.out.println(logInfo.toString());
try
{
ObjectOutputStream o = new ObjectOutputStream( new FileOutputStream("logInfo.out"));
o.writeObject(logInfo); //写入数据
o.close();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try
{
ObjectInputStream in =new ObjectInputStream( new FileInputStream("logInfo.out"));
LoggingInfo logInfo2 = (LoggingInfo)in.readObject(); //读取数据
System.out.println(logInfo2.toString());
in.close();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
如果我们运行这段代码,我们会注意到从磁盘中读回(read——back (de-serializing))的对象打印password为"NOT SET"。这是当我们定义pwd域为transient时,所期望的正确结果。现在,让我们来看一下粗心对待transient域可能引起的潜在问题。假设我们修改了类定义,提供给transient域一个默认值,
代码如下:
package zmx.serialization.test;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
public class GuestLoggingInfo implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -4377820862232402359L;
public static long size = 0L;
private Date loggingDate = new Date();
private String uid;
private transient String pwd;
GuestLoggingInfo()
{
uid = "guest";
pwd = "guest";
}
GuestLoggingInfo(String user, String password) {
uid = user;
pwd = password;
}
public String toString() {
String password = null;
if (pwd == null) {
password = "NOT SET";
} else {
password = pwd;
}
return "logon info: \n " + "user: " + uid + "\n logging date : "
+ loggingDate.toString() + "\n password: " + password+" size : "+ size;
}
}
现在,如果我们串行化GuestLoggingInfo的一个实例,将它写入磁盘,并且再将它从磁盘中读出,我们仍然看到读回的对象打印password 为 "NOT SET"。当从磁盘中读出某个类的实例时,实际上并不会执行这个类的构造函数,而是载入了一个该类对象的持久化状态,并将这个状态赋值给该类的另一个对象。