一、Future使用
FutureTask是Future和Callable的结合体。传统的代码是这样写的
Future f = executor.submit(new Callable());
然后通过Future来取得计算结果。但是,若开启了多个任务,我们无从知晓哪个任务最先结束。因此,若要实现“当某任务结束时,立刻做一些事情,例如记录日志”这一功能,就需要写一些额外的代码。例如一般的Future使用。
多任务:
package zmx.multithread.test.reentrantlock;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class T1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService executor2= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
class Task implements Callable<String>{
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
Random rand = new Random();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(10));
return Thread.currentThread().getName();
}
}
List<Future<String>> results = new ArrayList<Future<String>>();
for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
Future<String> f = executor2.submit(new Task());
results.add(f);
}
boolean flag =true;
while(flag) {
for(Iterator<Future<String>> iter = results.iterator();iter.hasNext();){
Future<String> f =iter.next();
if(f.isDone()){
System.out.println(f.get());
iter.remove();
}
}
if(results.size()==0){
flag =false;
}
}
System.out.println("执行完毕");
executor2.shutdownNow();
}
}
执行结果:
pool-1-thread-4
pool-1-thread-2
pool-1-thread-1
pool-1-thread-5
pool-1-thread-3
执行完毕
二、FutureTask
上述使用遍历的方式解决多任务结果,但是不是最优的效果,FutureTask正是为此而存在,它有一个回调函数protected void done(),当任务结束时,该回调函数会被触发。因此,只需重载该函数,即可实现在线程刚结束时就做一些事情。
代码如下:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for(int i=0; i<5; i++) {
Callable<String> c = new Task();
MyFutureTask ft = new MyFutureTask(c);
executor.submit(ft);
}
executor.shutdown();
}
}
class MyFutureTask extends FutureTask<String> {
public MyFutureTask(Callable<String> callable) {
super(callable);
}
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
System.out.println(get() + " 线程执行完毕!~");
} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Task implements Callable<String> {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
Random rand = new Random();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(rand.nextInt(12));
return Thread.currentThread().getName();
}
}
结果如下:
pool-1-thread-4 线程执行完毕!
pool-1-thread-3 线程执行完毕!
pool-1-thread-5 线程执行完毕!
pool-1-thread-2 线程执行完毕!
pool-1-thread-1 线程执行完毕!