关于dynamic_cast、static_cast转换做安全检查的不同

dynamic_cast主要用于在父类、基类指针的转换。

从派生类指针转向基类指针时，即进行上行转换，是安全的。

从基类指针转向派生类指针时，即进行下行转换，要求基类至少有一个虚函数，并会做安全检查，转换后的指针为空。但是如果基类的指针本来就指向的派生类对象，下行转换也是安全的。

1.dynamic_cast转换基类、派生类指针

class CBase { virtual void dis() {} };
class CDerived : public CBase {};
int main()
{
	CBase b; CBase* pb;
	CDerived d; CDerived* pd;
	pb = dynamic_cast<CBase*>(&d);     // ok: derived-to-base
	pd = dynamic_cast<CDerived*>(&b);  // wrong: base-to-derived 
	cout << "***********指向基类对象的基类指针转换为派生类指针***********" << endl;
  	cout << pd << endl;
	cout << "***********指向派生类对象的基类指针转换为派生类指针***********" << endl;
	pb = new CDerived;
	pd = dynamic_cast<CDerived*>(pb);
	cout << pb << endl;
	cout << pd << endl;
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

输出结果如下：

2.dynamic_cast转换完全不相关的指针

class CBase { virtual void fun() {} };
class CDerived { virtual void fun() {} };
int main()
{
	CBase b; CBase* pb;
	CDerived d; CDerived* pd;
	pb = dynamic_cast<CBase*>(&d);     // ok: derived-to-base
	pd = dynamic_cast<CDerived*>(&b);  // wrong: base-to-derived 
	cout << "***********指向基类对象的基类指针转换为派生类指针***********" << endl;
  	cout << pd << endl;
	cout << &b << endl;
	cout << "***********指向派生类对象的基类指针转换为派生类指针***********" << endl;
 	pd = dynamic_cast<CDerived*>(pb);
	cout << pb << endl;
	cout << pd << endl;
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

输出结果如下，可见可以转化成成功，但是转换后的指针都被置为NULL。

3. static_cast转换基类、派生类指针

class CBase { virtual void dis() {} };
class CDerived : public CBase {};
int main()
{
	CBase b; CBase* pb;
	CDerived d; CDerived* pd;
	pb = static_cast<CBase*>(&d);     // ok: derived-to-base
	pd = static_cast<CDerived*>(&b);  // wrong: base-to-derived 
	cout << "***********指向基类对象的基类指针转换为派生类指针***********" << endl;
  	cout << pd << endl;
	cout << &b << endl;
	cout << "***********指向派生类对象的基类指针转换为派生类指针***********" << endl;
	pb = new CDerived;
	pd = static_cast<CDerived*>(pb);
	cout << pb << endl;
	cout << pd << endl;
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

结果如下：

 可见，当指向基类对象的基类指针转换为派生类指针时，可以转换过来，为之后的使用造成隐患。

4.static_cast转换两个完全不相关的指针

class CBase { };
class CDerived {  };
int main()
{
	CBase b; CBase* pb;
	CDerived d; CDerived* pd;
	pb = static_cast<CBase*>(&d);     // ok: derived-to-base
	pd = static_cast<CDerived*>(&b);  // wrong: base-to-derived 
	cout << "***********指向基类对象的基类指针转换为派生类指针***********" << endl;
  	cout << pd << endl;
	cout << &b << endl;
	cout << "***********指向派生类对象的基类指针转换为派生类指针***********" << endl;
 	pd = static_cast<CDerived*>(pb);
	cout << pb << endl;
	cout << pd << endl;
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

 编译不通过，提示类型转换无效。