Docker中MySQL安装使用

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-01 22:54:25 发布

zongzizz

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-01 22:54:25 发布

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分类专栏： docker MYSQL 文章标签： mysql docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zongzizz/article/details/129409606

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一、在线安装

一、在线安装

docker官网参考链接https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql

1.MySQL镜像搜索拉取

[root@gaussdb ~]# docker search mysql         --镜像搜索
NAME                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                           MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation鈥?  13906     [OK]       
mariadb                         MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou鈥?  5298      [OK]       
percona                         Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati鈥?  600       [OK]       
phpmyadmin                      phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M鈥?  752       [OK]       
circleci/mysql                  MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation鈥?  29                   
bitnami/mysql                   Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      80                   [OK]
bitnami/mysqld-exporter                                                         4                    
ubuntu/mysql                    MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread鈥?  43                   
cimg/mysql                                                                      0                    
rapidfort/mysql                 RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQL   14                   
google/mysql                    MySQL server for Google Compute Engine          23                   [OK]
ibmcom/mysql-s390x              Docker image for mysql-s390x                    2                    
rapidfort/mysql8-ib             RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQ鈥?  0                    
hashicorp/mysql-portworx-demo                                                   0                    
newrelic/mysql-plugin           New Relic Plugin for monitoring MySQL databa鈥?  1                    [OK]
rapidfort/mysql-official        RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQ鈥?  0                    
databack/mysql-backup           Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         82                   
linuxserver/mysql               A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe鈥?  38                   
mirantis/mysql                                                                  0                    
docksal/mysql                   MySQL service images for Docksal - https://d鈥?  0                    
vitess/mysqlctld                vitess/mysqlctld                                1                    [OK]
linuxserver/mysql-workbench                                                     48                   
eclipse/mysql                   Mysql 5.7, curl, rsync                          0                    [OK]
bitnamicharts/mysql                                                             0                    
drud/mysql                                                                      0              

[root@gaussdb ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7       --拉取镜像
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

[root@gaussdb ~]# docker images mysql:5.7       --查看拉取的镜像
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mysql        5.7       c20987f18b13   14 months ago   448MB

2.创建MySQL容器

[root@gaussdb ~]# ps -ef|grep 3306       --创建mysql容器之前查看是否有3306端口占用
root     18085 17645  0 14:37 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto 3306

**创建mysql容器语法：**
$ docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.7

**开始创建MySQL容器：**
[root@gaussdb ~]# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.7
fa5e1bf902e9573039d3160850dd362582e40c993a1d7fd19127c3721fc4a6eb

[root@gaussdb ~]# docker ps   --查看创建的MySQL容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                  NAMES
fa5e1bf902e9   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s鈥?   14 seconds ago   Up 12 seconds   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql

3.使用MySQL容器

[root@gaussdb ~]# docker exec -it fa5e1bf902e9 /bin/bash       --进入MySQL容器
root@fa5e1bf902e9:/# mysql -uroot -p123456       --登录MySQL
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

配置容器数据卷，这样容器中的数据就会保留在宿主机上，即使删除容器数据也不会丢失。

用容器数据卷的方式创建MySQL容器：

**命令格式：**
docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true -v /zy/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql -v /zy/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /zy/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql mysql:5.7
**创建容器数据卷形式的MySQL容器：**--宿主机上的文件路径要提前创建好。
[root@gaussdb conf]# docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true -v /zy/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql -v /zy/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /zy/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql mysql:5.7
**创建完成：**
[root@gaussdb conf]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                  NAMES
c44f7fb5d185   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s鈥?   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql

测试删除容器数据是否会丢失：

**登录容器数据库并插入数据：**
root@c44f7fb5d185:/# mysql -u root -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database db01;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use db01;
Database changed

mysql> create table t1(id int,name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)


mysql> insert into t1 values(1,z3);
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'z3' in 'field list'
mysql> insert into t1 values(1,'z3');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
root@c44f7fb5d185:/# exit
exit
**删除MySQL容器：**
[root@gaussdb conf]# docker rm -f mysql
mysql
[root@gaussdb conf]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

**查看宿主机上的数据文件是否还在：**
[root@gaussdb conf]# cd /zy/mysql/data/
这边可以看到容器删掉了但是db01还在
[root@gaussdb data]# ls
auto.cnf    ca.pem           client-key.pem  ib_buffer_pool  ib_logfile0  ibtmp1  performance_schema  public_key.pem   server-key.pem
ca-key.pem  client-cert.pem  db01            ibdata1         ib_logfile1  mysql   private_key.pem     server-cert.pem  sys

验证数据库中数据是否还在：

**重新创建MySQL容器：**
[root@gaussdb data]# docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true -v /zy/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql -v /zy/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /zy/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql mysql:5.7
6eafb769d5946ce419036315c50ebc247c4e70c81118506a977b94f21d485cc5
**登录容器数据库，并验证数据：**
[root@gaussdb data]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
root@6eafb769d594:/# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db01               |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use db01;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | z3   |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
数据正常。

字符集问题处理：
docker中创建的MySQL实例，默认是latin1字符集，如果插入中文会报错，需要修改字符集。

**未修改字符集前，字符集都是latin1**
mysql> show VARIABLES like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

**修改容器数据库配置文件，因为之前用了容器数据卷，所以可以在宿主机上直接修改或者创建my.conf配置文件。**
[root@gaussdb mysql]# cd /zy/mysql/conf/
[root@gaussdb conf]# vi my.cnf
[root@gaussdb conf]# cat my.cnf 
[client]
default_character_set=utf8
[mysqld]
collation_server = utf8_general_ci
character_set_server = utf8

**重启mysql容器**
[root@gaussdb conf]# docker restart mysql
mysql

root@c44f7fb5d185:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show VARIABLES like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
字符集已经修改完成，可插入汉字验证。