48. Rotate Image
Description:
You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image.
Rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise).
Difficulty:Medium
Example:
Given input matrix =
[
[1,2,3],
[4,5,6],
[7,8,9]
],
rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
[7,4,1],
[8,5,2],
[9,6,3]
]
Note:
You have to rotate the image in-place, which means you have to modify the input 2D matrix directly. DO NOT allocate another 2D matrix and do the rotation.more than once.
方法:数学推导
思路:
在旋转一个元素时,都会牵扯到4个元素的旋转,而且是闭环的,题目又要求in-place,所以可以根据矩阵的边长n来推倒公式,一次旋转4个。
(x, y) --> (y, n-1-x) --> (n-1-x, n-1-y) --> (n-1-y, x)
class Solution {
public:
void rotate(vector<vector<int>>& matrix) {
int n = matrix.size();
for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
int temp = matrix[i][j];
matrix[i][j] = matrix[n - 1 - j][i];
matrix[n - 1 - j][i] = matrix[n - 1 - i][n - 1 - j];
matrix[n - 1 - i][n - 1 - j] = matrix[j][n - 1 - i];
matrix[j][n - 1 - i] = temp;
}
}
}
};