【LeetCode】48. Rotate Image

48. Rotate Image

Description：
You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image.
Rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise).
Difficulty：Medium
Example:

Given input matrix = 
[
  [1,2,3],
  [4,5,6],
  [7,8,9]
],

rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
  [7,4,1],
  [8,5,2],
  [9,6,3]
]

Note:
You have to rotate the image in-place, which means you have to modify the input 2D matrix directly. DO NOT allocate another 2D matrix and do the rotation.more than once.

方法：数学推导

思路：
在旋转一个元素时，都会牵扯到4个元素的旋转，而且是闭环的，题目又要求in-place，所以可以根据矩阵的边长n来推倒公式，一次旋转4个。
(x, y) --> (y, n-1-x) --> (n-1-x, n-1-y) --> (n-1-y, x)

class Solution {
public:
    void rotate(vector<vector<int>>& matrix) {
		int n = matrix.size();
		for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
			for (int j = i; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
				int temp = matrix[i][j];
				matrix[i][j] = matrix[n - 1 - j][i];
				matrix[n - 1 - j][i] = matrix[n - 1 - i][n - 1 - j];
				matrix[n - 1 - i][n - 1 - j] = matrix[j][n - 1 - i];
				matrix[j][n - 1 - i] = temp;
			}
		}
    }
};