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前言
骨架提取是图形学中经常会用在医学图像上的一种方法,骨架提取属于形态学处理,通过形态学+其他图像操作也同样可以完成骨架提取。
一、Skeleton是什么?
图像骨架指的是可以反应图像基本形状状况的简化图,通过提取这些信息可以有效减少不需要的冗余像素信息。图像骨架的基本解释和使用,包括原理方法,本文参考以下论文:A fast parallel algorithm for thinning digital patterns
二、Skeleton源代码范例
cv::Mat src = imread("二值图");
src /= 255;
int rows = src.rows;
int cols = src.cols;
uchar* ptr = src.data;
cv::Mat M = cv::Mat::zeros(src.size(), CV_8UC1);
uchar* ptr_m = M.data;
while (1)
{
cv::Mat temp = src.clone();
//step1
for (int i = 1; i < rows - 1; ++i)
{
for (int j = 1; j < cols - 1; ++j)
{
int P1 = i*cols + j;
int P2 = (i - 1)*cols + j;
int P3 = (i - 1)*cols + j + 1;
int P4 = i*cols + j + 1;
int P5 = (i + 1)*cols + j + 1;
int P6 = (i + 1)*cols + j;
int P7 = (i + 1)*cols + j - 1;
int P8 = i*cols + j - 1;
int P9 = (i - 1)*cols + j - 1;
int sum = ptr[P2] + ptr[P3] + ptr[P4] + ptr[P5] + ptr[P6] + ptr[P7] + ptr[P8] + ptr[P9];
int count = (ptr[P2] == 0 && ptr[P3] == 1)
+ (ptr[P3] == 0 && ptr[P4] == 1)
+ (ptr[P4] == 0 && ptr[P5] == 1)
+ (ptr[P5] == 0 && ptr[P6] == 1)
+ (ptr[P6] == 0 && ptr[P7] == 1)
+ (ptr[P7] == 0 && ptr[P8] == 1)
+ (ptr[P8] == 0 && ptr[P9] == 1)
+ (ptr[P9] == 0 && ptr[P2] == 1);
int zero_1 = ptr[P2] * ptr[P4] * ptr[P6];
int zero_2 = ptr[P4] * ptr[P6] * ptr[P8];
if (sum >= 2 && sum <= 6 && count == 1 && zero_1 == 0 && zero_2 == 0)
{
ptr_m[P1] = 1;
}
}
}
src -= M;
//step2
for (int i = 1; i < rows - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j < cols - 1; j++)
{
int P1 = i*cols + j;
int P2 = (i - 1)*cols + j;
int P3 = (i - 1)*cols + j + 1;
int P4 = i*cols + j + 1;
int P5 = (i + 1)*cols + j + 1;
int P6 = (i + 1)*cols + j;
int P7 = (i + 1)*cols + j - 1;
int P8 = i*cols + j - 1;
int P9 = (i - 1)*cols + j - 1;
int sum = ptr[P2] + ptr[P3] + ptr[P4] + ptr[P5] + ptr[P6] + ptr[P7] + ptr[P8] + ptr[P9];
int count = (ptr[P2] == 0 && ptr[P3] == 1)
+ (ptr[P3] == 0 && ptr[P4] == 1)
+ (ptr[P4] == 0 && ptr[P5] == 1)
+ (ptr[P5] == 0 && ptr[P6] == 1)
+ (ptr[P6] == 0 && ptr[P7] == 1)
+ (ptr[P7] == 0 && ptr[P8] == 1)
+ (ptr[P8] == 0 && ptr[P9] == 1)
+ (ptr[P9] == 0 && ptr[P2] == 1);
int zero_1 = ptr[P2] * ptr[P4] * ptr[P8];
int zero_2 = ptr[P2] * ptr[P6] * ptr[P8];
if (sum >= 2 && sum <= 6 && count == 1 && zero_1 == 0 && zero_2 == 0)
{
ptr_m[P1] = 1;
}
}
}
src -= M;
if (cv::countNonZero(temp - src) == 0)
break;
}
更高效的代码可以参见[github源码](https://github.com/ExtremeMart/SkeletonExtraction/blob/master/Zhang-Suen%20algorithm.txt)
总结
骨架提取还有许多其他的方法,本文算法是比较经典的提取算法。