【ns-3】负指数分布的ON/OFF流量模型及实现脚本

一，流量模型原理

负指数分布有着无记忆性、极端值概率小的特点，常用于假定排队系统中服务器的服务时间；由于计算和通信在数据并行中交替进行，因此这种流量对于应用来说是现实的，如：网站访问的时间间隔。

1，负指数分布的on+off时间

onoffapp启动时间点为NextStartTime，每条流的on+off总时间为totaltime，流启动时间NextStartTime=NextStartTime+totaltime，从而实现单个节点的多次发流。

totaltime服从以on/offload为平均值的负指数分布，具有随机性；

2，负载计算

在大量实验中，原本随机的onoff模型会满足：totaltime=on/offload，即负载offload=on/totaltime；这是一种从时间角度刻画的负载程度，onoffapp以接入链路带宽的全速去发送流量，全速发流的时间on，占此APP的on+off总时间totaltime的比例，即负载的值。

3，总体效果

网络注入速率服从负指数分布，且大量实验后的平均值趋近于链路带宽乘以负载（0.1-1.0）。

二，ns-3实现

1，变量组及注释

ns-3中生成指数分布的随机数，需要使用ExponentialRandomVariable类，头文件需要#include “ns3/random-variable-stream.h”

#include "ns3/random-variable-stream.h"

//exponentapp
double offerload=0.1;//负载0.1-1.0
double run_time=0.1;//单个节点onoffapp总运行时间
void ExponentApp();
int packetSize = 1024;//数据包字节大小
uint32_t RandDestNum=1;//随机目的节点个数
uint32_t bigFlowRate=10;//大流所占百分比
uint64_t RandFlowSize();//生成随机大小的大小流
double appSendRate = 1024*1024*1024*10.0;//APP发送速率，10Gbps
uint32_t port[10000];
uint32_t src;//源节点号
uint32_t dest;//目的节点号

2，目的节点sinkapp安装

使用UDP协议可以仅在每个节点安装一次sinkapp；TCP协议由于每个连接需要端口号不同，需要在clientapp安装时更新端口号，安装多个sinkapp。

for(uint32_t i = 0; i < numofHost; i++)
{
   Address sinkLocalAddress (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port[i]));
   PacketSinkHelper sinkHelper ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", sinkLocalAddress);
   ApplicationContainer sinkApp = sinkHelper.Install (hostNodes.Get(i));
   sinkApp.Start (Seconds (0.0));
   sinkApp.Stop (Seconds (100.0));
}

3，源和目的节点循环

源节点遍历全部host节点，目的节点随机生成，范围0~（numofhost-1）。确认源和目的节点后，将NextStartTime置0，保证所有节点均从0时刻开始流量传输。

    for(uint32_t src=0;src<numofHost;src++){
        
        for(uint32_t i=0;i<RandDestNum;i++){
            do{
                dest = rand()%numofHost;
            }while(src == dest);

            double NextStartTime = 0;
        }
     }

4，负指数分布totaltime

首先计算发送一个数据包所需时间sendf；

double sendf = packetSize*8/appSendRate;//发送一个数据包所需时间

生成以sendf/offload为平均值的负指数分布的随机时间，该随机时间乘以流的数据包个数即为负指数分布的totaltime。

while(run_time >= NextStartTime){

   uint64_t flowsize = RandFlowSize();
   uint64_t packetnum = flowsize/packetSize;

   // 负指数分布的on+off时间
   double mean = sendf/offerload; 
   ns3::Ptr<ns3::ExponentialRandomVariable> expVar = ns3::CreateObject<ns3::ExponentialRandomVariable> ();
   expVar->SetAttribute ("Mean", ns3::DoubleValue (mean));
   double totalTime = packetnum * expVar->GetValue();

   OnOffHelper clientHelper1 ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", Address ());
   clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("OnTime", StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]"));
   clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("OffTime", StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]"));
   clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("DataRate", DataRateValue (DataRate ("10Gbps")));
   clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (packetSize));
   clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("MaxBytes", UintegerValue (flowsize));

   std::cout << "At " << NextStartTime << " time " << src << "->" << dest << " : " << flowsize << std::endl;

   ApplicationContainer clientApps1;
   AddressValue remoteAddress (InetSocketAddress (ipEH[dest].GetAddress(1), port[dest]));
   clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("Remote", remoteAddress);
   clientApps1.Add (clientHelper1.Install (hostNodes.Get (src)));
   clientApps1.Start (Seconds (NextStartTime));
   clientApps1.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

   NextStartTime = NextStartTime + totalTime;
}

发送数据流的app启动时刻以totaltime为间隔，保证了随机性。

5，随机大小流生成

生成1~100范围的随机数，如果该随机数小于大流比例的数值，则生成10~20MB大流，否则生成100KB~1MB小流；大小流数值范围可调，且服从均匀分布。

uint64_t RandFlowSize(){
  uint32_t RandomNumber = 0;
  uint64_t FlowRandBytes = 0;
  RandomNumber= ((rand() % 100) + 1);

  if(RandomNumber <= bigFlowRate){
    FlowRandBytes = ((rand() % (20*1024 - 10*1024)) + 10*1024 + 1)*packetSize;//10-20MB大流
  }
  else{
    FlowRandBytes = ((rand() % (1024 - 100)) + 100 + 1)*packetSize;//100KB-1MB小流
  }
    return FlowRandBytes;
}

三，流量模型实现代码

#include "ns3/random-variable-stream.h"

//exponentapp
double offerload=0.25;
double run_time=0.01;
void ExponentApp();
int packetSize = 1024;
uint32_t RandDestNum=1;//随机目的节点个数
uint32_t bigFlowRate=10;// %
uint64_t RandFlowSize();
double appSendRate = 1024*1024*1024*10.0;//10Gbps
uint32_t port[10000];
uint32_t src;
uint32_t dest;

...

void ExponentApp(){

    double sendf = packetSize*8/appSendRate;//发送一个数据包所需时间

    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < numofHost; i++)
    {
        Address sinkLocalAddress (InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port[i]));
        PacketSinkHelper sinkHelper ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", sinkLocalAddress);//TCP协议下考虑安装多个端口号不同的sinkapp
        ApplicationContainer sinkApp = sinkHelper.Install (hostNodes.Get(i));
        sinkApp.Start (Seconds (0.0));
        sinkApp.Stop (Seconds (100.0));
    }

    for(uint32_t src=0;src<numofHost;src++){
        
        for(uint32_t i=0;i<RandDestNum;i++){
            do{
                dest = rand()%numofHost;
            }while(src == dest);

            double NextStartTime = 0;

            while(run_time >= NextStartTime){

                uint64_t flowsize = RandFlowSize();
                uint64_t packetnum = flowsize/packetSize;

                // 负指数分布的on+off时间
                double mean = sendf/offerload; 
                ns3::Ptr<ns3::ExponentialRandomVariable> expVar = ns3::CreateObject<ns3::ExponentialRandomVariable> ();
                expVar->SetAttribute ("Mean", ns3::DoubleValue (mean));
                double totalTime = packetnum * expVar->GetValue();

                OnOffHelper clientHelper1 ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory", Address ());
                clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("OnTime", StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]"));
                clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("OffTime", StringValue ("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]"));
                clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("DataRate", DataRateValue (DataRate ("10Gbps")));
                clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (packetSize));
                clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("MaxBytes", UintegerValue (flowsize));

                std::cout << "At " << NextStartTime << " time " << src << "->" << dest << " : " << flowsize << std::endl;

                ApplicationContainer clientApps1;
                AddressValue remoteAddress (InetSocketAddress (ipEH[dest].GetAddress(1), port[dest]));
                clientHelper1.SetAttribute ("Remote", remoteAddress);
                clientApps1.Add (clientHelper1.Install (hostNodes.Get (src)));
                clientApps1.Start (Seconds (NextStartTime));
                clientApps1.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

                NextStartTime = NextStartTime + totalTime;
        }
        }

    }


}

uint64_t RandFlowSize(){
  uint32_t RandomNumber = 0;
  uint64_t FlowRandBytes = 0;
  RandomNumber= ((rand() % 100) + 1);

  if(RandomNumber <= bigFlowRate){
    FlowRandBytes = ((rand() % (20*1024 - 10*1024)) + 10*1024 + 1)*packetSize;//10-20MB大流
  }
  else{
    FlowRandBytes = ((rand() % (1024 - 100)) + 100 + 1)*packetSize;//100KB-1MB小流
  }
    return FlowRandBytes;
}