279. Perfect Squares

Given a positive integer n, find the least number of perfect square numbers (for example, 1, 4, 9, 16, ...) which sum to n.

For example, given n = 12, return 3 because 12 = 4 + 4 + 4; given n = 13, return 2 because 13 = 4 + 9.

Credits:
Special thanks to @jianchao.li.fighter for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

新建dp[n+1]数组存放之前的每个n所需的最小 square numbers，那么：

dp[0] = 0 
dp[1] = dp[0]+1 = 1
dp[2] = dp[1]+1 = 2
dp[3] = dp[2]+1 = 3
dp[4] = Min{ dp[4-1*1]+1, dp[4-2*2]+1 } 
      = Min{ dp[3]+1, dp[0]+1 } 
      = 1				
dp[5] = Min{ dp[5-1*1]+1, dp[5-2*2]+1 } 
      = Min{ dp[4]+1, dp[1]+1 } 
      = 2
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dp[13] = Min{ dp[13-1*1]+1, dp[13-2*2]+1, dp[13-3*3]+1 } 
       = Min{ dp[12]+1, dp[9]+1, dp[4]+1 } 
       = 2
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dp[n] = Min{ dp[n - i*i] + 1 },  n - i*i >=0 && i >= 1

根据上式 dp[0] = min(dp[n - j*j] + 1) 可以下代码如下：

public class Solution {
    public int numSquares(int n) {
        int[] dp = new int[n + 1];
        dp[0] = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
            int j = 1;
            int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            while (i - j * j >= 0) {
                min = Math.min(min, dp[i - j * j] + 1);
                dp[i] = min;
                j ++;
            }
        }
        return dp[n];
    }
}