Java并发基础：CountDownLatch

CountDownLatch底层实现也是基于一个静态类Sync，是AQS的子类。
一个实例只能使用一次！
核心方法：
1.CountDownLatch(int count)：底层调用Sync(int count), 本质是将AQS的state设置为count。
2.await(): 底层调用AQS的acquireSharedInterruptibly(1)方法，将线程加入到AQS的等待队列的队尾，如果state已减为0，则什么都不做。
3.countDown()：调用AQS的releaseShared()方法，会先调用tryReleaseShared()方法，将state减1，若减完后，state等于0，则返回true，否则返回false。若返回true，则表示CountDownLatch倒计时结束，将AQS等待队列中的所有线程全部唤醒。

使用样例1：

 class Driver { 
 // ...    
 void main() throws InterruptedException {      
 		CountDownLatch startSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);      
 		CountDownLatch doneSignal = new CountDownLatch(N);        
 		for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) // create and start threads        
 			new Thread(new Worker(startSignal, doneSignal)).start();        
 		doSomethingElse();            // don't let run yet      
 		startSignal.countDown();      // let all threads proceed      
 		doSomethingElse();      
 		doneSignal.await();           // wait for all to finish    
 	}  
 }    
class Worker implements Runnable {    
	private final CountDownLatch startSignal;    
	private final CountDownLatch doneSignal;    
	Worker(CountDownLatch startSignal, CountDownLatch doneSignal) {      
		this.startSignal = startSignal;      
		this.doneSignal = doneSignal;    
	}    
	
	public void run() {      
		try {        
				startSignal.await();        
				doWork();        
				doneSignal.countDown();      
			} catch (InterruptedException ex) {} 
			// return;    
		}     
	 void doWork() { ... }  
}

 class Driver2 { // ...    
 void main() throws InterruptedException {      
 	CountDownLatch doneSignal = new CountDownLatch(N);      
 	Executor e = ...        
 	for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) // create and start threads       
 		e.execute(new WorkerRunnable(doneSignal, i));       
 	doneSignal.await();           
  // wait for all to finish   
   }  
}    

class WorkerRunnable implements Runnable {    
	private final CountDownLatch doneSignal;    
	private final int i;    
	WorkerRunnable(CountDownLatch doneSignal, int i) {     
 	this.doneSignal = doneSignal;      
 	this.i = i;    
 	}   
 	
public void run() {      
	try {        
		doWork(i);        
		doneSignal.countDown();      
	} catch (InterruptedException ex) {} 
	// return;    
}     
void doWork() { ... }