Java中要想自定义类的对象可以被复制,自定义类就必须实现Cloneable中的clone()方法,如下:
public class Student implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Professor professor;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Professor getProfessor() {
return professor;
}
public void setProfessor(Professor professor) {
this.professor = professor;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", professor="
+ professor + "]";
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException{
return super.clone();
}
}
其中,Professor类同样为自定义类:
public class Professor {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Professor [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
然而,当自定义类的字段的类型不是基本数据类型时,上面实现了clone()方法会导致问题,不信看下面的代码:
【程序实例1】
public class ShadowCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Professor p1 = new Professor();
p1.setName("Professor Zhang");
p1.setAge(30);
Student s1 = new Student();
s1.setName("xiao ming");
s1.setAge(18);
s1.setProfessor(p1);
System.out.println(s1);
try {
Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();
Professor p2 = s2.getProfessor();
p2.setName("Professor Li");
p2.setAge(45);
s2.setProfessor(p2);
System.out.println("复制后的:s1 = " + s1);
System.out.println("复制后的:s2 = " + s2);
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【运行结果1】
Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Zhang, age=30]]
复制后的:s1 = Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Li, age=45]]
复制后的:s2 = Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Li, age=45]]
【结果分析】
学生s1的导师为30岁的Professor Zhang,恰好学生s2与学生s1同名同岁,但是s2的导师为45岁的Professor Li,于是我们顺理成章地复制复制s1并复制给s2,再修改下s2的导师的信息。可是,问题出现了,当我们修改了s2的导师后,s2的信息是对了,但是s1的导师信息也跟着修改了,这可不是我们期望的。
【问题分析】
程序实例1中的问题出在哪儿呢?我们已经对Student类实现了clone()方法,怎么还是出问题了呢?我们在看下面的代码:
【程序实例2】
public class ShadowCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Professor p1 = new Professor();
p1.setName("Professor Zhang");
p1.setAge(30);
Student s1 = new Student();
s1.setName("xiao ming");
s1.setAge(18);
s1.setProfessor(p1);
System.out.println(s1);
try {
Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();
s2.setName("xiao hong");
s2.setAge(17);
Professor p2 = s2.getProfessor();
p2.setName("Professor Li");
p2.setAge(45);
s2.setProfessor(p2);
System.out.println("复制后的:s1 = " + s1);
System.out.println("复制后的:s2 = " + s2);
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
【运行结果】
Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Zhang, age=30]]
复制后的:s1 = Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Li, age=45]]
复制后的:s2 = Student [name=xiao hong, age=17, professor=Professor [name=Professor Li, age=45]]
【结果分析】
这次,我们在clone后,又修改了s2的name和age,从结果可以看出,s1的name和age并没有因为s2的修改而改变。
结合程序实例1和程序实例2,我们发现Student的字段如果不是一个引用时,修改clone()得到对象的该字段(name, age)时并不会影响原来的对象,但是当字段为一个引用时,修改clone()得到对象的该字段(professor)时并会影响原来的对象。上面实现的clone()方法为浅复制(shadow copy)。
如果想要clone()得到的新对象的修改不会影响被复制的对象的字段时,我们就需要实现深复制(deep copy),代码修改如下:
public class Professor implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Professor [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException{
return super.clone();
}
}
public class Student implements Cloneable {
private String name;
private int age;
private Professor professor;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Professor getProfessor() {
return professor;
}
public void setProfessor(Professor professor) {
this.professor = professor;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", professor="
+ professor + "]";
}
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException{
Student newStudent = (Student) super.clone();
newStudent.professor = (Professor) professor.clone();
return newStudent;
}
}
再次运行【程序实例2】得到的结果为:
Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Zhang, age=30]]
复制后的:s1 = Student [name=xiao ming, age=18, professor=Professor [name=Professor Zhang, age=30]]
复制后的:s2 = Student [name=xiao hong, age=17, professor=Professor [name=Professor Li, age=45]]
可以看到:修改clone()得到的s2的任何字段都不会影响s1的字段,这也就是深复制的作用。