python-functools

python-functools

• functools-partial

  import functools
  print(dir(functools))
  
  
  #partial函数(偏函数)
  #把一个函数的某些参数设置默认值,反回一个新的函数,调用这个新函数会更简单
  
  def showarg(*args,**kwargs):
      print(args)
      print(kwargs)
  
  p1 = functools.partial(showarg,1,2,3)  #这句话是p1指向了一个新的函数 只不过这个函数调用showarg 并传1,2,3
  
  p1()
  
  p1(4,5,6)
  
  p1(a='python',b='itcast')
  
  print("==================================")
  
  p2 = functools.partial(showarg,a=3,b='linux')
  
  p2()
  
  p2(1,2)
  
  p2(a='python',b='itcast')
  
  # 运行结果
  ['MappingProxyType', 'RLock', 'WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS', 'WRAPPER_UPDATES', 'WeakKeyDictionary', '_CacheInfo', '_HashedSeq', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_c3_merge', '_c3_mro', '_compose_mro', '_convert', '_find_impl', '_ge_from_gt', '_ge_from_le', '_ge_from_lt', '_gt_from_ge', '_gt_from_le', '_gt_from_lt', '_le_from_ge', '_le_from_gt', '_le_from_lt', '_lru_cache_wrapper', '_lt_from_ge', '_lt_from_gt', '_lt_from_le', '_make_key', 'cmp_to_key', 'get_cache_token', 'lru_cache', 'namedtuple', 'partial', 'partialmethod', 'reduce', 'singledispatch', 'total_ordering', 'update_wrapper', 'wraps']
  (1, 2, 3)
  {}
  (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
  {}
  (1, 2, 3)
  {'b': 'itcast', 'a': 'python'}
  ==================================
  ()
  {'b': 'linux', 'a': 3}
  (1, 2)
  {'b': 'linux', 'a': 3}
  ()
  {'b': 'itcast', 'a': 'python'}
  

• functools-wraps

  import functools
  
  def note(func):
      '''note function'''
      @functools.wraps(func) #别人查看帮助文档的时候还是test的文档1
      def wrapper():
          '''wrapper function'''
          print('note something')
          return func()
      return wrapper
  
  @note   #@note 等价于  test = note(test)
  def test():
      '''test function'''
      print("I am test")
  
  print(help(test))
  
  # 运行结果
  Help on function test in module __main__:
  
  test()
      test function
  (END)