使用视图组件进行接口优化
-
使用视图组件的generics进行接口逻辑优化
-
导入generics
from rest_framework import generics
-
定义序列化类
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = 指定模型类 fields = (指定验证字段) extra_kwargs = {"field_name":{"write_only":True}}
-
导入序列化类
from .app_serializers import BookSerializer
-
定义视图类
# 如果你的类只需要get和post方法你继承generics.ListCreateAPIView就可以了 class BookView(generics.ListCreateAPIView): # queryset和serializer_class是固定的写法 # 指定queryset queryset = BookInfo.objects.all() # 指定序列化类 serializer_class = BookSerializer
-
GET获取全部数据和POST新增一条数据案列
-
建立url
re_path(r"^books/$", BookView.as_view()),
-
建立model
from django.db import models from datetime import datetime # from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser class AuthorInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="作者名称") age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="作者年龄") class Meta: db_table = "db_author_info" verbose_name = "作者信息" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class PublishInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="出版社名称") city = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="出版社所在城市") email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="出版社邮箱") class Meta: db_table = "db_publish_info" verbose_name = "出版社信息" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class BookInfo(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="书名") publishDate = models.DateField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="出版日期") # max_digits小数位加整数位多少长度 decimal_places小数位长度为2 price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="图书价格") publish = models.ForeignKey(PublishInfo, related_name="book", related_query_name="book_query", on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="出版社") # ManyToManyField多对多 authors = models.ManyToManyField(AuthorInfo, verbose_name="图书作者") class Meta: db_table = "db_book_info" verbose_name = "图书信息" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.title
-
导入generics
from rest_framework import generics
-
定义序列化类
from.models import BookInfo # 第一步: 导入模块 from rest_framework import serializers class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: # 指定 要操作的模型类 model = BookInfo # 指定序列化的字段 fields = ( "title", "price", "publishDate", "publish", "authors", "author_list", "publish_name", "publish_city" ) # 指定那些字段是只写的 # write_only只写的 (只写的 前端发送数据时要写它, 后端返回数据时没有它) extra_kwargs = { "publish": {"write_only": True}, "authors": {"write_only": True} } # 自定义的字段 # read_only只读的 (只读的 前端发送数据时不用写它, 后端返回数据时有它) publish_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, read_only=True, source="publish.name") publish_city = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, read_only=True, source="publish.city") author_list = serializers.SerializerMethodField() def get_author_list(self, book_obj): # 拿到queryset开始循环 [ {}, {}, {}] authors = [] for author in book_obj.authors.all(): authors.append(author.name) return authors
-
导入序列化类
from .app_serializers import BookSerializer
-
定义视图类
from rest_framework import generics from .models import BookInfo, PublishInfo, AuthorInfo from .app_serializers import BookSerializer class BookView(generics.ListCreateAPIView): # GenericAPIView会帮我们去找queryset和serializer_class # queryset和serializer_class是固定的写法 # 告诉它quertset是谁 queryset = BookInfo.objects.all() # 告诉它序列化的类 serializer_class = BookSerialize
-
postman的GET请求所有数据
-
postman的POST请求所有数据
使用视图组件进行接口优化
-
使用视图组件的generics进行接口逻辑优化
-
导入generics
from rest_framework import generics
-
定义序列化类
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = 指定模型类 fields = (指定验证字段) extra_kwargs = {"field_name":{"write_only":True}}
-
导入序列化类
from .app_serializers import BookSerializer
-
定义视图类
# 如果你的类只需要get和post方法你继承generics.ListCreateAPIView就可以了 class BookFilterView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): # queryset和serializer_class是固定的写法 # 指定queryset queryset = BookInfo.objects.all() # 指定序列化类 serializer_class = BookSerializer
-
GET获取一条数据和PUT修改一条数据和DELETE删除一条数据案列
-
建立url
re_path(r"^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$", BookFilterView.as_view())
-
正则不取名叫pk会报一个Expected view BookFilterView to be called with a URL keyword argument named “pk”.的错误
-
建立model
from django.db import models from datetime import datetime # from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser class AuthorInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="作者名称") age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="作者年龄") class Meta: db_table = "db_author_info" verbose_name = "作者信息" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class PublishInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="出版社名称") city = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="出版社所在城市") email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="出版社邮箱") class Meta: db_table = "db_publish_info" verbose_name = "出版社信息" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.name class BookInfo(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="书名") publishDate = models.DateField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="出版日期") # max_digits小数位加整数位多少长度 decimal_places小数位长度为2 price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, verbose_name="图书价格") publish = models.ForeignKey(PublishInfo, related_name="book", related_query_name="book_query", on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="出版社") # ManyToManyField多对多 authors = models.ManyToManyField(AuthorInfo, verbose_name="图书作者") class Meta: db_table = "db_book_info" verbose_name = "图书信息" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.title
-
导入generics
from rest_framework import generics
-
定义序列化类
from.models import BookInfo # 第一步: 导入模块 from rest_framework import serializers class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): class Meta: # 指定 要操作的模型类 model = BookInfo # 指定序列化的字段 fields = ( "title", "price", "publishDate", "publish", "authors", "author_list", "publish_name", "publish_city" ) # 指定那些字段是只写的 # write_only只写的 (只写的 前端发送数据时要写它, 后端返回数据时没有它) extra_kwargs = { "publish": {"write_only": True}, "authors": {"write_only": True} } # 自定义的字段 # read_only只读的 (只读的 前端发送数据时不用写它, 后端返回数据时有它) publish_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, read_only=True, source="publish.name") publish_city = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, read_only=True, source="publish.city") author_list = serializers.SerializerMethodField() def get_author_list(self, book_obj): # 拿到queryset开始循环 [ {}, {}, {}] authors = [] for author in book_obj.authors.all(): authors.append(author.name) return authors
-
导入序列化类
from .app_serializers import BookSerializer
-
定义视图类
from rest_framework import generics from .models import BookInfo, PublishInfo, AuthorInfo from .app_serializers import BookSerializer # 需要回去一条数据和删除一条数据和修改一条数据就继承它RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView class BookFilterView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView): # GenericAPIView会帮我们去找queryset和serializer_class # queryset和serializer_class是固定的写法 # 告诉它quertset是谁 queryset = BookInfo.objects.all() # 告诉它序列化的类 serializer_class = BookSerializer
8. postman的GET请求获取一条数据
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190725194302119.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDEzMTRsb3Zlenlm,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
9. postman的PUT请求修改一条数据
![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190725194323649.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3pzeDEzMTRsb3Zlenlm,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
- postman的DELETE请求删除一条数据