UNIX 标准化 --ISO C标准 & IEEE POSIX 标准 &Single Unix Specification(SUS)

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-30 08:45:49 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-05-30 08:45:49 发布
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分类专栏： unix标准

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为什么要进行标准化呢？ 
在早期，Unix应用程序虽然可以在不同版本的unix操作系统之间移植相当容易，但是随着Unix系统版本的剧增以及他们的差别越来越大，不同版本的unix系统的应用程序的移植也越来越困难，为了提升应用程序在各种Unix系统环境的移植性，各机构对其进行了标准化，标准化的一个重要工作就是对每种实现必须定义各种限制进行说明。

ISO C标准 
1989年，C程序设计语言的ANSI标准得到批准，此标准被采纳为国际标准ISO/IEC 9899：1990 
ISO C标准的意图是提供C程序的可移植性，使其能够适合于大量不同的操作系统，而不是只适合UNIX系统 
1999年，ISO C标准被更新，并批准为iso/iec 9899:1999 ,它显著改善了对数值处理的应用软件的支持，某些函数增加了关键字 restrict(增加的关键字不影响下面所说的POXIS接口)，restrict关键字告诉编译器那些指针引用是可以优化的。

ISO C标准定义的头文件有24个，这些头文件在（FreeBSD 8.0、Linux 3.2.0、Mac os 10.6.8、Solaris 10）都支持

IEEE POSIX 标准 
POSIX是一个最初由IEEE制定的标准族，POSIX指的是可移植操作系统结构(Protable Operating System Interface),该标准的目的是提升应用程序在各种UNIX系统环境之间的可移植性， 
POSIX.1包含了ISO C标准函数库，同时结构分类两部分：必须部分和可选部分（X/Open系统接口(X/Open System Interface,XSI)）。 
POSIX.1中的X/Open系统接口（X/Open System Interface ,XSI）选项描述了可选的接口，也定义了遵循XSI的实现必须支持POSIX.1的哪些可选部分，只有遵循XSI实现的才能称为UNIX系统。

Single UNIX Specification(SUS) 
Single UNIX Specification (SUS ,单一的UNIX规范)是POSIX.1标准的一个超级，它定义了一些附加结构扩展了POSIX.1规范提供的功能POSIX.1相当于是Single UNIX Specification 中基本规范部分。

可以总结为 ISO C是POSIX的子集，POSIX是SUS的子集，SUS是POSIX的扩展，X/Open系统接口(XSI)是POSIX.1中的接口，描述了POSIX中的可选接口，只有遵循XSI的实现才能称为UNIX系统


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