URI一些摘要

1. 中括号"[" "]"在URI中只有用于host用IP地址表示时是合法的即: [xx.xx.xx.xx],其他情况下都是非法的.

RFC3986: 

 A host identified by an Internet Protocol literal address, version 6 [RFC3513] or later, is distinguished by enclosing the IP literal  within square brackets ("[" and "]").  This is the only place where square bracket characters are allowed in the URI syntax.

2. Path 是以 ("?"),  ("#") 或直接是URI的结束(CR LF)

RFC3986:

The path is terminated by the first question mark ("?") or number sign ("#") character, or by the end of the URI.

3. Path 的语法:

RFC3986:

 If a URI contains an authority component, then the path component
   must either be empty or begin with a slash ("/") character.  If a URI
   does not contain an authority component, then the path cannot begin
   with two slash characters ("//").  In addition, a URI reference
   (Section 4.1) may be a relative-path reference, in which case the
   first path segment cannot contain a colon (":") character.  The ABNF
   requires five separate rules to disambiguate these cases, only one of
   which will match the path substring within a given URI reference.  We
   use the generic term "path component" to describe the URI substring
   matched by the parser to one of these rules.


      path          = path-abempty    ; begins with "/" or is empty
                    / path-absolute   ; begins with "/" but not "//"
                    / path-noscheme   ; begins with a non-colon segment
                    / path-rootless   ; begins with a segment
                    / path-empty      ; zero characters


      path-abempty  = *( "/" segment )
      path-absolute = "/" [ segment-nz *( "/" segment ) ]
      path-noscheme = segment-nz-nc *( "/" segment )
      path-rootless = segment-nz *( "/" segment )
      path-empty    = 0<pchar>

      segment       = *pchar
      segment-nz    = 1*pchar
      segment-nz-nc = 1*( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / "@" )
                    ; non-zero-length segment without any colon ":"


      pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"