C# 多线程编写的主要知识点[1]

1.Thread

            ThreadStart threadStart = Dowork1;
            Thread thread = new Thread(threadStart);
            thread.Start();

            //do something in main

            thread.Join();// wait thread run to end

        private static void Dowork1()
        {

            for(int i = 0; i<12000;i++)
                Console.WriteLine("ssss");
        }

1.1 线程只能承诺尝试终止线程，但是不保证成功。
1.2 被终止时lock对象被释放，释放后程序其他线程访问，从而线程变的不安全
1.3 线程终止时，CLR可以保证自己的内部数据结构不被破坏，但BCL没有能力保证。其他线程访问破坏的数据会造成严重问题

2.线程池

            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(Dowork, "+");
            for (int count = 0; count < Repeat; count++)
            {
                Console.Write("-");
            }
            Thread.Sleep(1000);

        private static void Dowork(object state)
        {
            for (int count = 0; count < Repeat; count++)
            {
                Console.Write(state);
            }
        }

2.1 （优点）线程池能够减少线程分配的开销，
2.2 （缺点）线程池 内任务时间都较短
2.2 （缺点）线程池不能管理线程管理和同步

3.异步任务

3.1 监视异步操作的状态，知道它何时完成
3.2 线程池， 避免启动和终止线程的巨大开销
3.3 避免死锁
3.4 为不同的操作提供原子性 并同步数据访问

   // 1. 无返回值的Task

            Task task = Task.Run(() =>
                {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("1");
                    }
                });


            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("2");
            }

            task.Wait();// wait task run to end



            // 2. 有返回值的Task

            Task<string> task1 = Task.Run<string>(
                () => PiCalculater.Calculate(100));


            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
            {
                if (task1.IsCompleted)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("completed");
                    break;
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(">");
                }
            }

            Console.WriteLine(task1.Result);

3.5 Task 的状态可以使用 status 来获得，Created,WaitingForActivation, WaitingToRun,Running,WaitingForChildrenToComplete ,RanToCompletion ,Canceled ,Faulted,(isComplete == true)

3.6 Task.CurrentId

3.7

            Task taskA = Task.Run(
                () => Console.WriteLine("Starting..."))
                .ContinueWith(
                antecedent=>Console.WriteLine("Continuing A...")
                );

// B 和 C 的顺序并不一定，他们时**并列**的
            Task taskB = taskA.ContinueWith(
                antecedent => Console.WriteLine("Continuing B..."));
            Task taskC = taskA.ContinueWith(
                antecedent => Console.WriteLine("Continuing C..."));

            Task.WaitAll(taskB, taskC);

// Task 链接的条件
            Task<string> task = Task.Run<string>(
                () => {
                    
                    return "Start ..."; });

            Task faultedTask = task.ContinueWith(
                (antecedentTask) =>
                {
                    Trace.Assert(antecedentTask.IsFaulted);

                    Console.WriteLine("Task State Faulted");

                },
                TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted
                );

            Task canceledTask = task.ContinueWith(
                (antecedentTask) =>
                {
                    Trace.Assert(antecedentTask.IsCanceled);
                    Console.WriteLine("Task State:Canceled");
                },
                TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnCanceled
                );
            Task completedTask = task.ContinueWith(
                (antecedentTask) =>
                {
                    Trace.Assert(antecedentTask.IsCompleted);
                    Console.WriteLine("Task State:Complete");
                },
                TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion
                );

            //task 完成时线程已经退出了，不能沿着链条向下传递
            //task.Wait();
			// 不管
			Task.WaitAny(completedTask, canceledTask, faultedTask);
            //completedTask.Wait();