深度探索c++对象模型（五）

1. 虚继承的引入（解决访问二义性）

class A
{
public:
	int m_a;
};

class B:public A
{
public:
	
};

class C :public A
{
public:
	
};

class D :public B, public C
{
public:
	
};

int main()
{
	D d;
	d.m_a = 5;	//error

	return 0;
}

解决：

class A
{
public:
	int m_a;
};

class B:virtual public A
{
public:
	int m_b;
};

class C :virtual public A
{
public:
	int m_c;
};

class D :public B, public C
{
public:
	int m_d;
};

2. 两层结构

class A
{
public:
	int m_a;
};

class B:virtual public A
{
public:
	int m_b;
};

class A1
{
public:
	int m_a1;
};

class A2
{
public:
	int m_a2;
};

class B:virtual public A1, public A2
{
public:
	int m_b;
};

class A1
{
public:
	int m_a1;
};

class A2
{
public:
	int m_a2;
};

class B:virtual public A1, virtual public A2
{
public:
	int m_b;
};

3. 三层结构

class A
{
public:
	int m_a;
};

class B:virtual public A
{
public:
	int m_b;
};

class C :virtual public A
{
public:
	int m_c;
};

class D :public B, public C
{
public:
	int m_d;
};



int main()
{
	cout << sizeof(A) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(B) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(C) << endl;
	cout << sizeof(D) << endl;

	D d;
	d.m_a = 1;
	d.m_b = 2;
	d.m_c = 3;
	d.m_d = 4;

	return 0;
}

现在执行 d.m_a = 4;首先通过第一个vbptr指向的虚基类表中取出第二项，得到偏移为 20，然后向下移动20个字节得到 m_a存储的位置，所以访问虚基类的成员变量要比访问一般的成员变量慢。