DOM方式解析、创建XML文件（实例）

问 ：DOM解析方式是怎样的？

Dom解析是将xml文件全部载入，组装成一颗dom树，然后通过节点以及节点之间的关系来解析xml文件
以下为代码示例：

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

public class DomResolve {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{

        String file = "file/books.xml";
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        DomResolve domResove = new DomResolve();

        //1.解析xml文件
         try {
            List<Book> bookList = domResove.getBooks(inputStream);
            for(Book book : bookList ){
                System.out.println(book.toString());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //2.创建xml文件
        domResove.creatXML();

    }

    public DocumentBuilder getDocumentBuilder(){
        //创建DocumentBuilderFactory对象
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        //创建DocumentBuilder对象
        DocumentBuilder db = null;
        try {
            db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return db;
    }
    /**
     * Dom方式解析xml文件
     * @param inputStream
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public List<Book> getBooks(InputStream inputStream) throws Exception{ 
        List<Book> list = new ArrayList<Book>();
        try {
            //获得文档对象
            Document doc = getDocumentBuilder().parse(inputStream);
            //获得根元素
            Element element = doc.getDocumentElement(); 
            if(element.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){
                NodeList bookNode = element.getElementsByTagName("book");
                for(int i = 0;i< bookNode.getLength();i++){
                    Element bookElement = (Element) bookNode.item(i);
                    Book book = new Book();
                    book.setId(Integer.parseInt(bookElement.getAttribute("id")));
                    NodeList childNodes = bookElement.getChildNodes();
                    for(int j = 0;j<childNodes.getLength();j++ ){
                        if(childNodes.item(j).getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){
                            if("bookName".equals(childNodes.item(j).getNodeName())){
                    book.setBookName(childNodes.item(j).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                            }else if("author".equals(childNodes.item(j).getNodeName())){
                                book.setAuthor(childNodes.item(j).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                            }else if("year".equals(childNodes.item(j).getNodeName())){
                                book.setYear(childNodes.item(j).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());
                            }
                        }
                    }//end j
                    list.add(book);
                }//end i
            }
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return list;
    }
    /**
     * Dom方式创建xml文件
     */
    public void creatXML() throws FileNotFoundException{
        DocumentBuilder db = getDocumentBuilder();
        Document document = db.newDocument();
        document.setXmlStandalone(true);//设置XML的standalone属性：(yes or no)
        //创建根节点
        Element bookstore= document.createElement("bookStore");
        //添加子节点book
        Element book=document.createElement("book");
        //添加子节点name
        Element name=document.createElement("name");
        book.appendChild(name);
        Element author=document.createElement("author");
        book.appendChild(author);
        Element year=document.createElement("year");
        book.appendChild(year);
        //添加子节点内容
        name.setTextContent("冰与火之歌");
        author.setTextContent("乔治马丁");
        year.setTextContent("2004");
        //添加节点属性
        book.setAttribute("id", "1");
        //将book子节点添加到bookstore中
        bookstore.appendChild(book);
        //将bookstore节点（已包含book）添加到document中
        document.appendChild(bookstore);

        //将内存中的文档树保存至xml文档树中
        TransformerFactory tff = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
        try {
            Transformer tf = tff.newTransformer();
            tf.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
            tf.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new FileOutputStream("file/cdom.xml")));
        } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TransformerException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }  
    }
}