SAX方式解析、创建XML文件（实例）

问：SAX方式怎样解析XML文件？

Java Sax解析是按照xml文件的顺序一步一步的来解析

（1）示例代码：

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXTransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.TransformerHandler;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.AttributesImpl;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class SaxResolve extends DefaultHandler {


    public static void main(String[] args)  throws IOException{
        String file = "file/books.xml";
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        SaxResolve saxResove = new SaxResolve();

        //1.解析xml文件
        try {
            List<Book> bookList = saxResove.getBooks(inputStream);
            for(Book book : bookList ){
                System.out.println(book.toString());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //2.创建xml文件
        saxResove.saxCreateXML();
    }

    /**
     * SAX方式解析xml文件
     * 
     */
    private List<Book> books =null;
    private Book book = null;
    private String preTag = null;//记录解析时上一个节点名称

    public List<Book> getBooks(InputStream inputStream) throws Exception{
        SAXParserFactory spf = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
        SAXParser sp = spf.newSAXParser();
        SaxResolve handler = new SaxResolve();
        sp.parse(inputStream, handler);
        return handler.getBooks();
    }

    public List<Book>getBooks(){
        return books;
    }
    //开始解析
    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
        books = new ArrayList<Book>();
    }

    //开始遍历xml标签
    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        if("book".equals(qName)){
            book = new Book();
            book.setId(Integer.parseInt(attributes.getValue(0)));
        }
         preTag = qName;//将正在解析的节点名称赋给preTag  

    }

    //结束遍历xml标签
    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
        if("book".equals(qName)){
            books.add(book);
            book=null;
        }
         preTag = null;//解析结束时置为空  
    }

    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
        if(preTag!=null){
            String content = new String(ch,start,length);
            if("bookName".equals(preTag)){
                book.setBookName(content);
            }else if("author".equals(preTag)){
                book.setAuthor(content);
            }else if("year".equals(preTag)){
                book.setYear(content);
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * SAX方式创建xml文件
     */
    public void saxCreateXML(){
        //创建SAXTransformerFactory实例
        SAXTransformerFactory sff = (SAXTransformerFactory) SAXTransformerFactory.newInstance();
        //创建TransformerHandler实例
        try {
            TransformerHandler handler = sff.newTransformerHandler();
            //创建transformer实例
            Transformer tf = handler.getTransformer();
            //设置输出属性
            tf.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "UTF-8");
            tf.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT,"yes");
            //创建result对象，将此对象加载到transHandler中
            // 1、这一步必须在Transformer.setOutputProperty()之后，不然设置的xml属性将不生效  
            // 2、这一步也必须在TransformerHandler.startDocument()之前，不然会报错。  
            // 分析源码后发现，startDocument()会先判断result是否为空，为空则报错
            Result result = new StreamResult("file/csax.xml");
            handler.setResult(result);
            //创建属性attribute对象
            AttributesImpl attr = new AttributesImpl();
            //开始写文件
            handler.startDocument();
            //写入根节点
            handler.startElement("", "", "bookstore", attr);
            //清空属性，每次新增节点后都需要清空下属性
            attr.clear();
            //设置属性
            attr.addAttribute("", "", "id", "", "1");
            //写入根节点的子节点
            handler.startElement("", "", "book", attr);
            attr.clear();
            //写入book子节点
            handler.startElement("", "", "name", attr);
            handler.characters("冰与火之歌".toCharArray(), 0, "冰与火之歌".toCharArray().length);
            //写入子节点末尾
            handler.endElement("", "", "name");

            handler.startElement("", "", "year", attr);
            handler.characters("2004".toCharArray(), 0, "2004".toCharArray().length);
            handler.endElement("", "", "year");

            handler.startElement("", "", "price", attr);
            handler.characters("89".toCharArray(), 0, "89".toCharArray().length);
            handler.endElement("", "", "price");
            attr.clear();
            //写入book节点末尾
            handler.endElement("", "", "book");
            //写入根节点末尾
            handler.endElement("", "", "bookstore");
            //写文件结束
            handler.endDocument();

        } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

（2）Book实体类代码：

public class Book {
    private int id; //id-book
    private String bookName; //书名
    private String author; // 作者
    private String year;//年份

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getBookName() {
        return bookName;
    }
    public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }
    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }
    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }
    public String getYear() {
        return year;
    }
    public void setYear(String year) {
        this.year = year;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return this.id+"---"+this.bookName+"---"+this.author+"---"+this.year;
    }
}

（3）创建的csax.xml文件截图如下: