MOTOROLA S-RECORD文件格式

The following fairly complete description of Motorola S-records was found a number of years ago on the man pages of a UNIX system.
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NAME
srec - S-record file and record format
DESCRIPTION

An S-record file consists of a sequence of specially formatted ASCII character strings. An S-record will be less than or equal to 78 bytes in length.
The order of S-records within a file is of no significance and no particular order may be assumed.

The general format of an S-record follows:

+-------------------//------------------//-----------------------+
| type | count | address | data | checksum |
+-------------------//------------------//-----------------------+

type -- A char[2] field. These characters describe the type of record (S0, S1, S2, S3, S5, S7, S8, or S9).
count -- A char[2] field. These characters when paired and interpreted as a hexadecimal value, display the count of remaining character pairs in the record.

address -- A char[4,6, or 8] field. These characters grouped and interpreted as a hexadecimal value, display the address at which the data field is to be loaded into memory. The length of the field depends on the number of bytes necessary to hold the address. A 2-byte address uses 4 characters, a 3-byte address uses 6 characters, and a 4-byte address uses 8 characters.

data -- A char [0-64] field. These characters when paired and interpreted as hexadecimal values represent the memory loadable data or descriptive information.

checksum -- A char[2] field. These characters when paired and interpreted as a hexadecimal value display the least significant byte of the ones complement of the sum of the byte values represented by the pairs of characters making up the count, the address, and the data fields.

Each record is terminated with a line feed. If any additional or different record terminator(s) or delay characters are needed during transmission to the target system it is the responsibility of the transmitting program to provide them.

S0 Record. The type of record is 'S0' (0x5330). The address field is unused and will be filled with zeros (0x0000). The header information within the data field is divided into the following subfields.

mname is char[20] and is the module name.
ver is char[2] and is the version number.
rev is char[2] and is the revision number.
description is char[0-36] and is a text comment.

Each of the subfields is composed of ASCII bytes whose associated characters, when paired, represent one byte hexadecimal values in the case of the version and revision numbers, or represent the hexadecimal values of the ASCII characters comprising the module name and description.
S1 Record. The type of record field is 'S1' (0x5331). The address field is intrepreted as a 2-byte address. The data field is composed of memory loadable data.

S2 Record. The type of record field is 'S2' (0x5332). The address field is intrepreted as a 3-byte address. The data field is composed of memory loadable data.

S3 Record. The type of record field is 'S3' (0x5333). The address field is intrepreted as a 4-byte address. The data field is composed of memory loadable data.

S5 Record. The type of record field is 'S5' (0x5335). The address field is intrepreted as a 2-byte value and contains the count of S1, S2, and S3 records previously transmitted. There is no data field.

S7 Record. The type of record field is 'S7' (0x5337). The address field contains the starting execution address and is intrepreted as 4-byte address. There is no data field.

S8 Record. The type of record field is 'S8' (0x5338). The address field contains the starting execution address and is intrepreted as 3-byte address. There is no data field.

S9 Record. The type of record field is 'S9' (0x5339). The address field contains the starting execution address and is intrepreted as 2-byte address. There is no data field.

EXAMPLE

Shown below is a typical S-record format file.

S00600004844521B
S1130000285F245F2212226A000424290008237C2A
S11300100002000800082629001853812341001813
S113002041E900084E42234300182342000824A952
S107003000144ED492
S5030004F8
S9030000FC
The file consists of one S0 record, four S1 records, one S5 record and an S9 record.

The S0 record is comprised as follows:

S0 S-record type S0, indicating it is a header record.
06 Hexadecimal 06 (decimal 6), indicating that six character pairs (or ASCII bytes) follow.
00 00 Four character 2-byte address field, zeroes in this example.

48 44 52 ASCII H, D, and R - "HDR".
1B The checksum.
The first S1 record is comprised as follows:
S1 S-record type S1, indicating it is a data record to be loaded at a 2-byte address.
13 Hexadecimal 13 (decimal 19), indicating that nineteen character pairs, representing a 2 byte address, 16 bytes of binary data, and a 1 byte checksum, follow.
00 00 Four character 2-byte address field; hexidecimal address 0x0000, where the data which follows is to be loaded.
28 5F 24 5F 22 12 22 6A 00 04 24 29 00 08 23 7C Sixteen character pairs representing the actual binary data.
2A The checksum.
The second and third S1 records each contain 0x13 (19) character pairs and are ended with checksums of 13 and 52, respectively. The fourth S1 record contains 07 character pairs and has a checksum of 92.

The S5 record is comprised as follows:

S5 S-record type S5, indicating it is a count record indicating the number of S1 records
03 Hexadecimal 03 (decimal 3), indicating that three character pairs follow.
00 04 Hexadecimal 0004 (decimal 4), indicating that there are four data records previous to this record.
F8 The checksum.
The S9 record is comprised as follows:

S9 S-record type S9, indicating it is a termination record.
03 Hexadecimal 03 (decimal 3), indicating that three character pairs follow.
00 00 The address field, hexadecimal 0 (decimal 0) indicating the starting execution address.
FC The checksum.

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Instructor Notes
There isn't any evidence that Motorola ever has made use of the header information within the data field of the S0 record, as described above. This must have been used by some third party vendors.
This is the only place that a 78-byte limit on total record length or 64-byte limit on data length is documented. These values shouldn't be trusted for the general case.
The count field can have values in the range of 0x3 (2 bytes of address + 1 byte checksum = 3, a not very useful record) to 0xff; this is the count of remaining character pairs, including checksum.
If you write code to convert S-Records, you should always assume that a record can be as long as 514 (decimal) characters in length (255 * 2 = 510, plus 4 characters for the type and count fields), plus any terminating character(s). That is, in establishing an input buffer in C, you would declare it to be an array of 515 chars, thus leaving room for the terminating null character. 

说明: 
一个完整的MOTOROLA S-Record格式数据包含如下区域：
    <type> <length> <address> <data> <checksum>
   
   
    各字段的意思分别如下：
   
    <type>：标示记录的类型，该字段占据1-byte。它可以有如下 数值：“S0”, “S1”, “S2”, “S3”, “S5”, “S7”, “S8” , “S9”
       
        “S0” -- 记录描述信息
       
        “S1”, “S2”, “S3” -- 记录存储的数据。这三者的区别在于地址（address）的长度不同，S1为2-byte，S2为3-byte，以及S3为4-byte。
       
        “S5” -- 包含了“S1”, “S2”, “S3”的信息。
       
        “S7”, “S8”, “S9” -- 确定程序的开始地址。这三者的区别也在于地址（address）的长度不同，S9为2-byte，S8为3-byte，以及S7为4-byte。
       
      
    <length>：标示了数据的长度，确切地说，是 <address>, <data> 和<checksum>这三个字段的byte的个数。该字段占据1-byte。
   
   
    <address>：标示了数据写入的起始地址。该字段的长度取决于<type>的取值。
   
   
    <data>：标示了存储的数据。该字段占据的byte个数可以这样计算：<length>的值 - <address>字段的长度（取值为2、3、4） - 1（<checksum>字段的长度）
   
   
    <checksum>：标示校验位，占据1-byte。该数据可以由<address>和<data>的数据累加然后每bit取反获得。
   
   
   
    最后我们以一条数据记录格式作为例子：
    S30A801000930300000000CF
   
    S3是记录的格式（<type>）。
   
    0A是长度（<length>），为十六进制，标识有10个byte。因为两个十六进制才是1-byte，所以 801000930300000000CF的长度为10而不是20.换句话说，这数据列应该如此表示：80 10 00 93 03 00 00 00 00 CF。
   
    因为type是S3，所以地址（<address>）占4-byte，因此需要写入的地址为：0x80100093。
   
    既然已经知道了地址，那么数据（<data>）很显然就是0x0300000000了。
   
    最后的1-byte就是校验位（<chksum>）。例子数值由此得来：0xFF - ((0x0A + 0x80 + 0x10 + 0x00 + 0x93 + 0x03 + 0x00 + 0x00 + 0x00 + 0x00) & 0xFF)