The following table lists the precedence and associativity of C++ operators. Operators are listed top to bottom, in descending precedence.
Precedence | Operator | Description | Associativity |
---|---|---|---|
1 | :: | Scope resolution | Left-to-right |
2 | ++ -- | Suffix/postfix increment and decrement | |
() | Function call | ||
[] | Array subscripting | ||
. | Element selection by reference | ||
-> | Element selection through pointer | ||
typeid() | Run-time type information (seetypeid) | ||
const_cast | Type cast (see const_cast) | ||
dynamic_cast | Type cast (see dynamic_cast) | ||
reinterpret_cast | Type cast (seereinterpret_cast) | ||
static_cast | Type cast (see static_cast) | ||
3 | ++ -- | Prefix increment and decrement | Right-to-left |
+ - | Unary plus and minus | ||
! ~ | Logical NOT and bitwise NOT | ||
(type) | Type cast | ||
* | Indirection (dereference) | ||
& | Address-of | ||
sizeof | Size-of | ||
new , new[] | Dynamic memory allocation | ||
delete , delete[] | Dynamic memory deallocation | ||
4 | .* ->* | Pointer to member | Left-to-right |
5 | * / % | Multiplication, division, and remainder/modulus[1] | |
6 | + - | Addition and subtraction | |
7 | << >> | Bitwise left shift and right shift | |
8 | < <= | For relational operators < and ≤ respectively | |
> >= | For relational operators > and ≥ respectively | ||
9 | == != | For relational = and ≠ respectively | |
10 | & | Bitwise AND | |
11 | ^ | Bitwise XOR (exclusive or) | |
12 | | | Bitwise OR (inclusive or) | |
13 | && | Logical AND | |
14 | || | Logical OR | |
15 | ?: | Ternary conditional | Right-to-Left |
16 | = | Direct assignment (provided by default for C++ classes) | |
+= -= | Assignment by sum and difference | ||
*= /= %= | Assignment by product, quotient, and remainder | ||
<<= >>= | Assignment by bitwise left shift and right shift | ||
&= ^= |= | Assignment by bitwise AND, XOR, and OR | ||
17 | throw | Throw operator (exceptions throwing) | |
18 | , | Comma | Left-to-right |
When parsing an expression, an operator which is listed on some row will be bound tighter (as if by parentheses) to its arguments than any operator that is listed on a row further below it. For example, the expression std::cout<<a&b is parsed as (std::cout<<a)&b and not std::cout<<(a&b).
Operators that are in the same cell (there may be several rows of operators listed in a cell) are evaluated with the same precedence, in the given direction. For example, the expressions *p++ and a=b=c are parsed as *(p++) and a=(b=c), and not as (*p)++ or (a=b)=c because of right-to-left associativity.
An operator's precedence is unaffected by overloading.
- ↑ ISO/IEC 14882:2003 : Programming languages -- C++. "the binary % operator yields the remainder from the division of the first expression by the second. .... If both operands are nonnegative then the remainder is nonnegative; if not, the sign of the remainder is implementation-defined".