IO流 字节流 字符流 缓冲流

①IO流

I是指Input（输入）,O是指Output（输出）。

在Java中，文件的输入和输出是通过流（Stream）来实现的，流的概念源于Unix中管道（pipe）的概念。在Unix系统中，管道是一条不间断的字节流，用来实现程序或进程间的通信，或读写外围设备、外部文件等。

一个流，必有源端和目的端，它们可以是计算机内存的某些区域，也可以是磁盘文件，甚至可以是Internet上的某个URL。对于流而言，我们不用关心数据是如何传输的，只需要向源端输入数据，向目的端获取数据即可。

流按照处理数据的单位，可以分为字节流和字符流；按照流向分为输入流和输出流（注意：输入流和输出流都是站在程序的角度参照的）。

②字节流（字节文件和字符文件都可以用字节流读取）

FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\1.mp4");
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("F:\\1.mp4");
int data;
while((data=inputStream.read())!=-1){
    outputStream.write(data);
}
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
inputStream.close();

下面这种方式可以加快读取速率

FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\1.mp4");
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("F:\\1.mp4");
byte [] car = new byte[1024];
int lenght;
while((lenght=inputStream.read(car))!=-1){
    outputStream.write(car,0,lenght);
}
outputStream.flush();
outputStream.close();
inputStream.close();

③字符流（只能读取字符文件）

FileReader reader = new FileReader("D:\\1.txt");
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("F:\\1.txt");
int data;
while((data = reader.read())!=-1){
    writer.write(data);
}
writer.flush();
writer.close();
reader.close();

下面这种方式可以加快读取速率

FileReader reader = new FileReader("D:\\1.txt");
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("F:\\1.txt");
char [] car = new char[1024];
int length;
while((length = reader.read(car))!=-1){
    System.out.println(11);
    writer.write(car,0,length);
}
writer.flush();
writer.close();
reader.close();

④缓冲流

BufferedInputStream继承于FilterInputStream，提供缓冲输入流功能。缓冲输入流相对于普通输入流的优势是，它提供了一个缓冲数组，每次调用read方法的时候，它首先尝试从缓冲区里读取数据，若读取失败（缓冲区无可读数据），则选择从物理数据源（譬如文件）读取新数据（这里会尝试尽可能读取多的字节）放入到缓冲区中，最后再将缓冲区中的内容部分或全部返回给用户.由于从缓冲区里读取数据远比直接从物理数据源（譬如文件）读取速度快。

字符缓冲

FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\1.mp4");
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(inputStream);
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("F:\\1.mp4");
BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(outputStream);
byte [] car = new byte[1024];
int length;
while((length=bufferedInputStream.read(car))!=-1){
    bufferedOutputStream.write(car,0,length);
}
bufferedOutputStream.flush();
bufferedOutputStream.close();
bufferedInputStream.close();

字节缓冲

FileReader reader = new FileReader("D:\\1.txt");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(reader);
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("F:\\1.txt");
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(writer);
char [] car = new char[1024];
int length;
while((length = bufferedReader.read(car))!=-1){
    System.out.println(11);
    bufferedWriter.write(car,0,length);
}
bufferedWriter.flush();
bufferedWriter.close();
bufferedReader.close();

⑤转换流：字符文件可以使用字节流读取，字节流转换为字符流，解决字符流乱码问题

FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\1.txt");
InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"GBK");
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("F:\\1.txt");
OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream,"GBK");
char [] car = new char[1024];
int length;
while((length = reader.read(car))!=-1){
    System.out.println(11);
    writer.write(car,0,length);
}
writer.flush();
writer.close();
reader.close();

但是上面这种方式没有缓冲区来加快缓冲速度，所以用下面这种方式，读取速度会更快

FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\1.txt");
BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(inputStream);
InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(bufferedInputStream,"GBK");

FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("F:\\1.txt");
BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(outputStream);
OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(bufferedOutputStream,"GBK");

char [] car = new char[1024];
int length;
while((length = reader.read(car))!=-1){
    System.out.println(11);
    writer.write(car,0,length);
}
writer.flush();
writer.close();
reader.close();