linux学习笔记（十一）

####apache配置####
yum install httpd.x86_64 -y    ##安装apache软件包
systemctl start httpd          ##启动apache服务
systemctl enable httpd         ##开机自动启动
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all
cd /var/www/html/
vim index.html
holle world
172.25.254.20

测试：在浏览器中输入ip，可以查看到你写入的文件

http：超文本传输协议
https：加密传输协议
apache主配置文件：/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

##将监听端口由20改为8080##
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
42  Listen 8080                                ##更改端口
systemctl restart httpd
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8080/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all
测试：在浏览器中输入ip:8080，可以查看到你写入的文件

##设置westos为默认主页名称##
mkdir /www/html -p
cd /www/html/
vim westos
##############
holle world
hahahaha
##############
ls -Z /var/www/
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_content_t '/www(/.*)?'   ##修改安全上下文
restorecon -RvvF /www/
ls -Z /var/www/
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
####################################
42  Listen 80
120  DocumentRoot "/www/html"
121  <Directory "/www/html">
122     AllowOverride None
123     Require all granted
124  </Directory>
169     DirectoryIndex index.html westos
#############################################
systemctl restart httpd

测试：在浏览器中输入ip，查看所写文件



####虚拟主机####
虚拟主机允许您从一个httpd服务器同时为多个网站提供服务。

cd /var/www/html
rm -fr index.html
mkdir /var/www/news
mkdir /var/www/music
vim westos
#####
www.westos.com
######
echo news.westos.com > /var/www/news/westos
echo music.westos.com > /var/www/music/westos
cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
vim default.conf
############################
<Virtualhost _default_:80>          ##定义虚拟主机的块
        Documentroot /var/www/html
        customlog "logs/default.log" combined
</Virtualhost>

<Directory /var/www/html>
        require all granted
</Directory>
############################
cp default.conf music.conf
#############################
<Virtualhost *:80>
        Servername music.westos.com  ##指定服务器名称。在使用基于名称的虚拟主机的情况下
        Documentroot /var/www/music      
        customlog "logs/music.log" combined
</Virtualhost>

<Directory /var/www/music>
        require all granted
</Directory>

#############################
cp music.conf news.conf
vim music.conf
#############################
<Virtualhost *:80>
        Servername news.westos.com
        Documentroot /var/www/news
        customlog "logs/news.log" combined
</Virtualhost>

<Directory /var/www/news>
        require all granted
</Directory>

#############################
systemctl restart httpd

客户端下：
vim /etc/hosts
################################################################
172.25.254.120 www.westos.com news.westos.com music.westos.com
################################################################
测试：在浏览器中输入www.westos.com、news.westos.com、music.westos/com，会显示不同文件下书写的内容



##设置访问黑名单##
cd /var/www/news
mkdir admin
cd admin/
vim westos
#################
hahahahaha
#################
cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/
vim news.conf
########################################
 11 <Directory /var/www/news/admin>
 12         Order allow,deny
 13         allow from 172.25.254.20
 14         deny from all
 15 </Directory>
#########################################
systemctl restart httpd



##设置用户名密码登陆##
cd /etc/httpd/conf
[root@dns conf]# htpasswd -cm apacheusr admin    ##添加admin用户
New password:                                    ##设置密码
Re-type new password:                            ##再次确认密码
Adding password for user admin                   ##添加成功
cat apacheusr                                    ##查看用户信息

cd /etc/httpd/conf.d
 11 <Directory /var/www/news/admin>
 12         Authuserfile /etc/httpd/conf/apacheuser
 13         Authname "Please input your name and password"
 14         Authtype basic
 15         Require user admin
 16 </Directory>          

systemctl restart httpd

##php的配置##
yum install php -y
vim /var/www/html/index.php
################
<?php
phpinfo ();
?>
################
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
########################################
166 <IfModule dir_module>
167    DirectoryIndex   index.phpindex.html
168 </IfModule>

########################################

systemctl restart httpd

##动态脚本CGI脚本##
cd /var/www/html/
mkdir cgi
vim/var/www/html/cgi/index.cgi   编写cgi脚本主页
#################################
#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Content-type:text/html\n\n";
print `date`;

#################################

chmod +x index.cgi
semanage fcontext -a -t httpd_sys_script_exec_t '/var/www/music/cgi(/.*)?'
restorecon -RvvF /var/www/music/cgi

2)vim/etc/httpd/conf.d/default.conf  ##使/var/www/html/cgi目录下的cgi文件可执行
################################
<Directory"/var/www/html/cgi">
   Options +ExecCGI
   AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
</Directory>
#################################

perl index.cgi         ##用perl执行cji脚本

测试：http://172.25.254.10/cgi/index.cgi

##自定义签名证书##
如果加密的通信非常重要，而经过验证的身份不重要，管理员可以通过生成self-signed certificate来避免与认证机构进行交互所带来的复杂性。
yum install crypto-utils mod_ssl -y
crypto-utils:用来改变网络端口
mod_ssl：用来生成证书和钥匙
netstat -antlpe | grep httpd

genkey apache.example.com

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/login.conf
1 <Virtualhost *:443>
2         Servername login.westos.com
3         Documentroot /var/www/login
4         customlog "logs/login.log" combined
5         SSLEngine on
6         SSLCertificateFile //etc/pki/tls/certs/apache.example.com.crt
7         SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/apache.example.com.key
8 </Virtualhost>

10 <Directory /var/www/login>
11         require all granted
12 </Directory>
13 <Virtualhost *:80>
14         ServerName login.westos.com
15         RewriteEngine on
16         RewriteRule ^(/.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}$1 [redirect=301]
17 </Virtualhost>
systemctl restart httpd




数据库类型：mysql  oracle  db2  
yum install mariadb-server -y
systemctl start mariadb
mysql
netstat -antlpe | grep mysqld
vim /etc/my.cnf
#############################
10  skip-networking=1
#############################
systemctl restart mariadb
netstat -antlpe | grep mysqld
mysql_secure_installation     ##添加密码配置
mysql -uroot -p

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;       ##显示数据库

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE westos;  ##创建westos数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> USE westos    ##进入数据库
MariaDB [westos]> CREATE TABLE linux (   ##创建表
    -> username varchar(15) not null,
    -> password varchar(30) not null

    -> );

MariaDB [westos]> DESC linux;
MariaDB [westos]> INSERT INTO linux VALUES ('user1','123');
MariaDB [westos]> SELECT * FROM linux;   ##查询表linux中的全部

ALTER TABLE linux ADD age varchar(4);

##修改root密码##
1.知道密码，直接修改
mysqladmin -uroot -pwestos password redhat
2.忘记root用户密码
systemctl stop mariadb
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &    绕过安全验证机制
mysql -uroot
SELECT * FROM mysql.user

查看用户名，密码字段书写方式

UPDATE mysql.user set Password=password('lalala') WHERE User='root'; ##加密密码，否则密码为明文

killall -9 mysqld_safe
ps aux | grep mysql
kill -9 PID       ##结束残留mysql进程

 

##数据备份##
mysqldump -uroot -pwestos westos > /mnt/westos.sql
mysql -uroot -pwestos -e "DROP DATABASE westos;"  ##删除库
mysql -uroot -pwestos -e "SHOW DATABASE;"

mysql -uroot -pwestos -e "CREATE DATABASE westos;"
mysql -uroot -pwestos westos < /mnt/westos.sql
mysql -uroot -p
SELECT * FROM westos.linux;

在网页上用myadmin软件管理数据库
1.下载
yum install httpd php-mysql  php -y
download phpadmin_.tar.brz
tar jxf phpmyadmin-*.tar.bz2 -C /var/www/html  -C 指定解压目录
mv phpmyadmin phpadmin
 

3.配置方法
cp -p config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php

vim config.inc.php

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl start httpd