Segmentation_of_Radar-Recorded_Heart_Sound_Signals_Using_Bidirectional_LSTM_Networks

Segmentation of Radar-Recorded Heart Sound Signals Using Bidirectional LSTM Networks

Abstract

Sounds caused by the action of the heart reflect both its health as well as deficiencies and are examined by physicians since antiquity. Pathologies of the valves, e.g. insufficiencies and stenosis, cardiac effusion, arrhythmia, inflammation of the surrounding tissue and other diagnosis can be reached by experienced physicians. However, practice is needed to assess the findings correctly. Furthermore, stethoscopes do not allow for long-term monitoring of a patient. Recently, radar technology has shown the ability to perform continuous touchless and thereby burden-free heart sound measurements. In order to perform automated classification of the signals, the first and most important step is to segment the heart sounds into their physiological phases. This paper examines the use of different Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architectures for this purpose based on a large dataset of radar-recorded heart sounds gathered from 30 different test persons in a clinical study. The best-performing network, a bidirectional LSTM, achieves a sample-wise accuracy of 93.4% and a F1 score for the first heart sound of 95.8 %.

背景

心脏活动引起的声音反映了心脏的健康和缺陷。听诊器不能够对患者进行长期监测。心脏或心脏瓣膜的病理变化导致心脏杂音。当医生听心脏时，检查这些病理性的声音。然而，评估的有效性在很大程度上取决于医生的经验。最近，有研究表明，雷达系统可以记录心音，而不需要永久的接触。

目的

使用雷达进行心音的长期记录以及客观和自动化分析

方法

1. 分割所记录的心脏声音

   在该步骤期间，心音被分割成四个基本的时间相位 “S1” — “收缩期” — “S2” — “舒张期”（四分类问题）

2. 使用分割计算的特征将心脏的正常/异常声音分类

数据及实验设置

30名健康受试者每人被测量了大约10分钟。所有受试者的平均年龄为30.7岁，标准差为9.9岁。受试者包括16名女性和14名男性。平均体重指数为23.3公斤/平方米，标准差为3.3公斤/平方米。所有测量均在大学医院医疗监督下进行。

使用基于六端口的雷达架构记录所有心音信号[11]。它被实现为使用一个接收（RX）天线和一个发射（TX）天线的双基地雷达系统。

三个特征：同态包络（HoEnv）、希尔伯特包络（HiEnv）和功率谱密度包络（PSDEnv）被作为biLStm网络的的输入。

结果

为了训练和测试LSTM网络，数据被分成长度为10秒的段。总的来说，数据集由1890个这样的片段组成。

如下表所示，具有200个隐藏单元和如第III节所述配置的学习超参数的biLSTM网络确实是性能最好的网络。对于这种配置，实现了心音的总体F1评分为87.7%，F1 S1评分为95.8%。此外，biLSTM达到了93.4%的采样精度。