"""
A simple example for Reinforcement Learning using table lookup Q-learning method.
An agent "o" is on the left of a 1 dimensional world, the treasure is on the rightmost location.
Run this program and to see how the agent will improve its strategy of finding the treasure.
View more on my tutorial page: https://morvanzhou.github.io/tutorials/
"""
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import time
#random会生成相同的随机数
np.random.seed(2) # reproducible
N_STATES = 6 # the length of the 1 dimensional world
ACTIONS = ['left', 'right'] # available actions
EPSILON = 0.9 # greedy police
ALPHA = 0.1 # learning rate
GAMMA = 0.9 # discount factor
MAX_EPISODES = 13 # maximum episodes
FRESH_TIME = 0.3 # fresh time for one move
def build_q_table(n_states, actions):
#生成q_table 表 6行2列 并赋值为0,两列叫left 和right
table = pd.DataFrame(
np.zeros((n_states, len(actions))), # q_table initial values
columns=actions, # actions's name
)
# print(table) # show table
return table
def choose_action(state, q_table):
# This is how to choose an action
state_actions = q_table.iloc[state, :]#获取q_table表中 某一行的state 的值
#print('\r')
#print(state_actions)
#随机生成【0,1】间的随机数>EPSILON(以10%的概率随机)或state_actions全为0时随机
if (np.random.uniform() > EPSILON) or ((state_actions == 0).all()): # act non-greedy or state-action have no value
#从ACTIONS随机选一个
action_name = np.random.choice(ACTIONS)
print(' choice random:' + action_name)
print(state_actions)
else: # act greedy
#返回最大的数值的索引
action_name = state_actions.idxmax() # replace argmax to idxmax as argmax means a different function in newer version of pandas
print('choice maxindex:'+action_name)
print(state_actions)
return action_name
def get_env_feedback(S, A):
#输入当前状态S 和 动作 A
#返回下一个状态S_和动作后的奖赏
# This is how agent will interact with the environment
if A == 'right': # move right
if S == N_STATES - 2: # terminate
S_ = 'terminal'
R = 1
else:
S_ = S + 1
R = 0
else: # move left
R = 0
if S == 0:
S_ = S # reach the wall
else:
S_ = S - 1
return S_, R
def update_env(S, episode, step_counter):
# This is how environment be updated
env_list = ['-']*(N_STATES-1) + ['T'] # '---------T' our environment
if S == 'terminal':
interaction = 'Episode %s: total_steps = %s' % (episode+1, step_counter)
print('\r{}'.format(interaction), end='')
time.sleep(2)
print('\r ', end='')
else:
env_list[S] = 'o'
interaction = ''.join(env_list)
print('\r{}'.format(interaction), end='')
time.sleep(FRESH_TIME)
def rl():
# main part of RL loop
q_table = build_q_table(N_STATES, ACTIONS)
for episode in range(MAX_EPISODES):
step_counter = 0
S = 0
is_terminated = False
update_env(S, episode, step_counter)
while not is_terminated:
A = choose_action(S, q_table)
S_, R = get_env_feedback(S, A) # take action & get next state and reward
q_predict = q_table.loc[S, A]#表格中动作的预测奖赏
if S_ != 'terminal':
#动作后的实际奖赏+GAMMA*下一步的预测值(S_时的动作奖赏)的最大子
q_target = R + GAMMA * q_table.iloc[S_, :].max() # next state is not terminal
else:
q_target = R # next state is terminal
is_terminated = True # terminate this episode
q_table.loc[S, A] += ALPHA * (q_target - q_predict) # update q_table 向q_target靠近
S = S_ # move to next state
update_env(S, episode, step_counter+1)#更新环境
step_counter += 1
return q_table
if __name__ == "__main__":
q_table = rl()
print('\r\nQ-table:\n')
print(q_table)