[ibatis]:延迟加载和N+1问题

 数据库I/O可以很好的度量数据库的使用情况，同时也是影响数据库性能的主要瓶颈之一。数据从磁盘到内存或则从内容写到磁盘这种操作时非常耗时。高速缓存能很好的应到到这一问题来提高性能。 
  N+1问题是由于试图加载和父记录相关的子记录而造成的。当如果你已经获取一个父记录时，若想获得所有的这个父记录的子记录时，你需要多执行N个查询，为了把子记录查询出来。 

  延迟加载将加载分层了更小的易管理的小过程，只有在需要的时候才会加载额外的数据。这样很好解决了数据库I/O问题，但它导致了N+1问题。数据库I/O和N+1问题两个问题必有其一。这往往要考虑到实际的需要来决定采用哪个策略。 

iBATIA延迟加载 
  Person 可以有多个Address。 

package com.min.ibatis.model;

import java.util.List;

public class Person {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private List<Address> addresses;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public List<Address> getAddresses() {
		return addresses;
	}
	public void setAddresses(List<Address> addresses) {
		this.addresses = addresses;
	}
}

package com.min.ibatis.model;

public class Address {
	private int id;
	private String address;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
}

iBATIS的sql映射配置文件 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE sqlMap      
    PUBLIC "-//ibatis.apache.org//DTD SQL Map 2.0//EN"      
    "http://ibatis.apache.org/dtd/sql-map-2.dtd">

<sqlMap>
	<typeAlias alias="Person" type="com.min.ibatis.model.Person"/>
 	<typeAlias alias="Address" type="com.min.ibatis.model.Address"/>

	<resultMap class="Person" id="personMap">
		<result property="id" column="id"/>
		<result property="name" column="name"/>
		<result property="addresses" select="getAddresses" column="id"/>
	</resultMap>
	<resultMap class="Address" id="addressMap">
		<result property="id" column="id"/>
		<result property="address" column="address"/>
	</resultMap>
	
	<select id="getAddresses" resultMap="addressMap">
		select * from address where personId=#value#
	</select>
	
	<select id="getPerson" resultMap="personMap">
		select * from person where id = #value#
	</select>
</sqlMap>

测试类

package com.min.ibatis.model;

import java.io.Reader;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import com.ibatis.common.resources.Resources;
import com.ibatis.sqlmap.client.SqlMapClient;
import com.ibatis.sqlmap.client.SqlMapClientBuilder;


public class Test extends TestCase {
	private SqlMapClient sqlMap;
	@Override
	protected void setUp() throws Exception {
		String resource = "SqlMapConfig.xml";
		Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader(resource);
		sqlMap = SqlMapClientBuilder.buildSqlMapClient(reader);

	}
	
	public void testLoadLazy(){
		int id = 1;
		try {
			Person person = (Person)sqlMap.queryForObject("getPerson",id);
			System.out.println(person.getName());
			Address address = person.getAddresses().get(0);
			System.out.println(address.getAddress());
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
	}
	
}

默认情况下，SqlMapConfig.xml中 
<settings lazyLoadingEnabled="true" enhancementEnabled="true"/> 
enhancementEnabled="true" 说明使用延迟加载cglib增强版。 只需加入cglib.jar包就可以了。 

通过debug，我们发现 person的addresses属性引用的是代理类。 

避免N+1查询问题 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE sqlMap      
    PUBLIC "-//ibatis.apache.org//DTD SQL Map 2.0//EN"      
    "http://ibatis.apache.org/dtd/sql-map-2.dtd">

<sqlMap>
	<typeAlias alias="Person" type="com.min.ibatis.model.Person"/>
 	<typeAlias alias="Address" type="com.min.ibatis.model.Address"/>

	<resultMap class="Person" id="personMap" groupBy="id">
		<result property="id" column="id"/>
		<result property="name" column="name"/>
		<result property="addresses"  resultMap="addressMap"/>
	</resultMap>
	
	<resultMap class="Address" id="addressMap">
		<result property="id" column="id"/>
		<result property="address" column="address"/>
	</resultMap>
	

	
	<select id="getPerson" resultMap="personMap">
		select * from person join address on person.id = address.personId
	</select>
</sqlMap>

延迟加载适用于大型的但并非所有的数据都有用的那些数据集。 
避免N+1查询方案使用于小型的或则所有的数据都会被使用的那些数据集。