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最近个人开发项目需要做一个找回密码功能,但鉴于成本,不考虑手机验证码,这里记录一下通过邮箱获取验证码来验证的开发过程
首先要实现邮箱验证验证码,无论是使用网易还是腾讯QQ邮箱还是其他邮箱,我们都需要开启POP3/SMTP服务,获取账户授权码。
一. QQ邮箱开启POP3/SMTP
首先进入邮箱主页,然后依次进入设置–账户,在账户页面下方POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务一栏开启POP3/SMTP服务,只需要开启第一个即可,然后在下方点击获取授权码就可以了,详情如下图。PS:使用QQ邮箱发送在QQ安全中心不可设置邮箱验证,另外修改密码等影响登录的行为需要重新获取授权码。
二. 发送验证码的实现流程
1.在pom.xml中导入邮件发送的支持,代码如下:
<!-- 邮件发送的支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 邮件发送 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>mail</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>
2.在springmvc配置文件里配置发件人的账号和授权码
<!-- class:发送邮件的核心代码的位置 -->
<bean id="sendMailUtil" class="com.zjq.utils.SendMailUtil">
<!-- 给属性赋值 name:账号 pwd:授权码 -->
<property name="sendEmail" value="你的账号"/>
<property name="pwd" value="你的授权码"/>
</bean>
3.创建工具类实现发送邮件 SendMailUtil.java
package com.zjq.utils;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
public class SendMailUtil {
private String sendEmail;//账号
private String pwd;//授权码
public void setSendEmail(String sendEmail) {
this.sendEmail = sendEmail;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
/**
* 发送html格式的邮件
* @param receiveEmail 收件箱
* @param name 称呼
* @param code 验证码
* @return
*/
public boolean sendHtmlMail(String receiveEmail,String name,String code){
try {
JavaMailSenderImpl senderImpl=new JavaMailSenderImpl();
//邮箱的主机 qq邮箱是smtp.qq.com,网易是smtp.163.com
senderImpl.setHost("smtp.qq.com");
//编码集
senderImpl.setDefaultEncoding("utf-8");
//建立邮件消息,我们需要发送的是html格式邮件
MimeMessage mimeMessage=senderImpl.createMimeMessage();
MimeMessageHelper messageHelper=new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage);
//设置收件人,寄件人
messageHelper.setTo(receiveEmail);//收件人
messageHelper.setFrom(sendEmail);//发件人
messageHelper.setSubject("发送验证码");//设置邮件的主题
SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss");
String str="<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset='UTF-8'></head><body>"
+"<p style='font-size:20px;font-weight:blod;'>尊敬的"+ name +",您好</p>"
+"<p style='text-indent:2em;font-size:20px'>欢迎使用*****,您本次的验证码是"
+"<span style='font-size:30px; font-weight:blod; color:red;'>"+ code +"</span>"
+",3分钟内有效,如非本人操作,请忽略此邮件。</p><p style='text-align:right; padding-right:20px;'>"
+"<a href='https://www.ciyintang.vip' style='font-size:18px;'>Dawn博客</a></p>"
+"<span style='font-size:18px; float:right; margin-right:60px;'>"+ sdf.format(new Date()) +"</span></body></html>";
//设置邮件的正文
messageHelper.setText(str,true);
//发件箱的名称
senderImpl.setUsername(sendEmail);
//发件箱的密码 状态码
senderImpl.setPassword(pwd);
Properties prop=new Properties();
//SSL认证(阿里云默认禁用25端口,这里开启后使用465端口)
MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);
prop.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");//让服务器去认证用户名和密码
prop.put("mail.smtp.timeout", "2500");//连接超时时间
senderImpl.setJavaMailProperties(prop);
senderImpl.send(mimeMessage);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
}
4.控制器代码,处理请求 SendEmailController.java
package com.zjq.controller;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.zjq.utils.SendMailUtil;
@Controller
public class SendEmailController {
@Autowired
private SendMailUtil sendMailUtil;
@RequestMapping("/code")
@ResponseBody
public int sendEmail(String email, HttpSession session) {
String code = "";
if (session.getAttribute("email") != null) {
if (email.equals(session.getAttribute("email").toString()) && session.getAttribute("vcode") != null) {
code = session.getAttribute("vcode").toString();
} else {
//随机产生验证码
Random rd = new Random();
while (code.length() < 6) {
code += rd.nextInt(10);
}
}
} else if (session.getAttribute("vcode") == null && session.getAttribute("email") == null) {
//随机产生验证码
Random rd = new Random();
while (code.length() < 6) {
code += rd.nextInt(10);
}
} else {
code = session.getAttribute("vcode").toString();
}
//如果验证码发送成功
if (sendMailUtil.sendHtmlMail(email, "用户", code)) {
session.setAttribute("vcode", code);
session.setAttribute("email", email);
//创建TimerTask用来三分钟之后移出vcode
TimerTask task = new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
session.removeAttribute("vcode");
session.removeAttribute("email");
}
};
//实例化这个task任务
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(task, 180000);//三分钟之后执行task任务
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
}
5.前端请求,前端页面使用layui forgetPassword.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<c:set var="ctx" value="${pageContext.request.contextPath}"/>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="renderer" content="webkit|ie-comp|ie-stand">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0">
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="${ctx }/layui/css/layui.css" media="all"/>
<script>
<%--JS gloable varilible--%>
var ctx = "${ctx}";
</script>
<style type="text/css">
.layui-form-item .layui-inline {
width: 33.333%;
float: left;
margin-right: 0;
}
@media ( max-width: 1240px) {
.layui-form-item .layui-inline {
width: 100%;
float: none;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body class="childrenBody">
<div class="layui-row" style="margin-top: 50px;">
<form class="layui-form" style="width: 80%;" action="">
<div class="layui-form-item">
<label class="layui-form-label">邮箱</label>
<div class="layui-input-block">
<input type="text" id="email" name="email" class="layui-input userName"
lay-verify="email" placeholder="请输入邮箱" value="">
<button style="position: absolute;top: 0;right: 0px;
cursor: pointer;" type="button" class="layui-btn layui-btn-warm" id="sendCode">点击发送验证码</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="layui-form-item">
<label class="layui-form-label">验证码</label>
<div class="layui-input-block">
<input type="text" name="code" id="code" lay-verify="required" lay-reqtext="验证码不能为空" placeholder="请输入邮箱验证码" autocomplete="off" class="layui-input">
</div>
</div>
<div class="layui-form-item">
<label class="layui-form-label">密码</label>
<div class="layui-input-block">
<input type="password" id="password" class="layui-input userName"
lay-verify="pass" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password" value="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="layui-form-item">
<label class="layui-form-label">确认密码</label>
<div class="layui-input-block">
<input type="password" class="layui-input userName"
lay-verify="repass" placeholder="请输入确认密码" value="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="layui-form-item">
<div class="layui-input-block">
<button class="layui-btn" lay-submit lay-filter="formDemo">立即提交</button>
<button type="reset" class="layui-btn layui-btn-primary">重置</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
<script src="${ctx }/layui/layui.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">
</script>
<script>
layui.config({
base: ctx + '/js/'
}).use([ 'jquery', 'form', 'layer'], function () {
var sliderVerify = layui.sliderVerify,
$ = layui.jquery,
layer = parent.layer === undefined ? layui.layer : parent.layer,
form = layui.form;
//自定义验证规则
form.verify({
pass: [/(.+){6,16}$/, '密码必须6到16位']
, repass: function (value) {
var repassvalue = $('#password').val();
if (value != repassvalue) {
return '两次输入的密码不一致!';
}
}
});
//监听提交
form.on('submit(formDemo)', function (data) {
var index = layer.load(1, {
shade: [0.5, '#000']
});
$.ajax({
type: "post",
async: false,
url: ctx + "/admin/findPassword",
data: data.field,
dataType: "json",
success: function (d) {
if (d.code == 0) {
layer.close(index);
sessionStorage.removeItem('vcode');
layer.msg("修改密码成功");
} else {
layer.close(index);
sessionStorage.removeItem('vcode');
layer.msg(d.msg);
}
},
});
setTimeout(function () {
parent.location.reload();
}, 2000);
return false;
});
$("#sendCode").click(function () {
sendEmail();
run();
return false;
});
//发送验证码
function sendEmail() {
//获取收件邮箱
var email = document.getElementById('email').value;
if (email == null || email == "") {
return;
}
//发送请求
$.post(ctx + "/code", {email: email}, function (data) {
}, "text");
}
//邮箱验证码计时
var btn = document.getElementById('sendCode');
function run() {
var time = 60;//定义时间变量。用于倒计时用
var timer = null;//定义一个定时器;
timer = setInterval(function () {///开启定时器。函数内执行
btn.disabled = true;
btn.innerText = time + "秒后可重新发送"; //点击发生后,按钮的文本内容变成之前定义好的时间值。
time--;//时间值自减
if (time == 0) { //判断,当时间值小于等于0的时候
btn.innerText = '点击重新发送';
btn.disabled = false;
clearInterval(timer); //清除定时器
}
}, 1000)
}
})
</script>
</html>
前端效果如图:
邮箱收件效果如下图:
三. 阿里云安全组设置
手动添加安全组规则用于启用465端口,如下图:
四. 总结
以上就是邮箱验证的总体流程及实现,特此记录下来,希望能够帮助到看到这篇文章的你!