Retrofit的使用

Retrofit简介

Retrofit是Square公司开源的一个处理网络请求的项目，封装了OkHttp，对于android和java来说是一种类型安全的http客户端。

---

基本使用

1. 添加依赖

implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0'

2. 创建 用于描述网络请求 的接口

import okhttp3.ResponseBody;
import retrofit2.Call;
import retrofit2.http.*;

public interface HttpbinService {

    @POST("post")
    @FormUrlEncoded
    Call<ResponseBody>myPost(@Field("username") String userName, @Field("password") String pwd);

    @GET("get")
    Call<ResponseBody>myGet(@Query("username") String userName, @Query("password") String pwd);
}

3. 创建Retrofit和网络请求接口的实例

         retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder().baseUrl("https://www.httpbin.org/").build();
         httpbinService = retrofit.create(HttpbinService.class);

4. 发送请求

 retrofit2.Call<ResponseBody> call =  httpbinService.mypost("julian","123");
 
//异步请求
       call.enqueue(new retrofit2.Callback<ResponseBody>() {
           @Override
           public void onResponse(retrofit2.Call<ResponseBody> call, retrofit2.Response<ResponseBody> response) {
               if(response.isSuccessful())
//                {
               {
                   try {
                       Log.d("xxx","postAsync: "+response.body().string());
                   } catch (IOException e) {
                       e.printStackTrace();
                   }
               }
//                }
           }

           @Override
           public void onFailure(retrofit2.Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable t) {
 				System.out.println("连接失败");
           }
       });


//同步请求
// try {
//         Response response =  call.execute();
//         Log.d("xxx","postSync: "+response.body().string());
//     } catch (IOException e) {
//          e.printStackTrace();
 //     }

---

Retrofit的注解

从网上盗的图：

---

转换器

自动从json转到java bean

1. 依赖：implementation('com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.9.0')

2. 创建请求接口

import com.example.myapplication.retrofit.bean.UserBean;
import okhttp3.ResponseBody;
import retrofit2.Call;
import retrofit2.http.Field;
import retrofit2.http.FormUrlEncoded;
import retrofit2.http.POST;

public interface WanAndroidService2 {

    @POST("user/login")
    @FormUrlEncoded
    Call<UserBean> login(@Field("username") String username, @Field("password") String pwd);
}

3. 创建实例，请求

    @Test
    public void loginTest2() throws IOException {
        Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl("https://www.wanandroid.com/")
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) //添加转换器
                .build();
        WanAndroidService2 wanAndroidService = retrofit.create(WanAndroidService2.class);

        Call<UserBean> call = wanAndroidService.login("用户名","密码");
        Response<UserBean> response = call.execute();
        UserBean userBean = response.body();

        System.out.println(userBean);

    }

---

嵌套请求和适配器

比如：先登录，再拿到收藏的文章等场景

1. 依赖

  implementation('com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava3:2.9.0')
  implementation('io.reactivex.rxjava3:rxandroid:3.0.0')

2. 定义请求接口

import com.example.myapplication.retrofit.bean.UserBean;
import io.reactivex.rxjava3.core.Flowable;
import okhttp3.ResponseBody;
import retrofit2.http.*;

public interface WanAndroidService2 {

    @POST("user/login")
    @FormUrlEncoded
    Flowable<UserBean> login(@Field("username") String username, @Field("password") String pwd);


    @GET("lg/collect/list/{pageNum}/json")
    Flowable<ResponseBody> getArtical(@Path("pageNum") int num);
}

3. 创建带 适配器和cookie的Retrofit ，并创建请求

@Test
   @Test
public void loginTest3() throws IOException {
 Map<String, List<Cookie>> m_cookies = new HashMap<>();

        Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl("https://www.wanandroid.com/")
                .callFactory(new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                        .cookieJar(new CookieJar() {
                            @Override
                            public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List<Cookie> cookies) {
                                m_cookies.put(url.host(),cookies);
                            }

                            @Override
                            public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(HttpUrl url) {
                                List<Cookie> cookies = m_cookies.get(url.host());
                                return cookies == null ? new ArrayList<>() : cookies;
                            }
                        }).build())
                .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava3CallAdapterFactory.create()) //添加适配器
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) // 添加转换器
                .build();



        WanAndroidService2 wanAndroidService = retrofit.create(WanAndroidService2.class);
        wanAndroidService
                .login("用户名","密码")
                .flatMap(new Function<UserBean, Publisher<ResponseBody>>() {
                    @Override
                    public Publisher<ResponseBody> apply(UserBean userBean) throws Throwable {
                        return wanAndroidService.getArtical(0);
                    }
                })
                .observeOn(Schedulers.io())
                .subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread())
                .subscribe(new Consumer<ResponseBody>() {
                    @Override
                    public void accept(ResponseBody responseBody) throws Throwable {
                        System.out.println(responseBody.string());
                    }
                });

                while(true){}
 }

---

使用Retrofit上传下载文件