sql语句练习45题(Mysql版)

1 表名和字段

• 学生表
  student(s_id,s_name,s_birth,s_sex) --学生编号,学生姓名, 出生年月,学生性别
• 课程表
  course(c_id,c_name,t_id) – --课程编号, 课程名称, 教师编号
• 教师表
  teacher(t_id,t_name) --教师编号,教师姓名
• 成绩表
  score(s_id,c_id,s_score) --学生编号,课程编号,分数

2 测试数据

2.1 学生表

CREATE TABLE `student`(
	`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
);

insert into student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');

2.2 课程表

CREATE TABLE `course`(
	`c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
	`c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
);

insert into course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

2.3 教师表

CREATE TABLE `teacher`(
	`t_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
);

insert into teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into teacher values('03' , '王五');

2.4 成绩表

CREATE TABLE `score`(
	`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
	`c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
	`s_score` INT(3),
	PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
);

insert into score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into score values('07' , '03' , 98);

3 练习题和sql语句

3.1 查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

3.1.1 查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

JOIN

SELECT
	st.*,
	sc1.s_score AS '语文',
	sc2.s_score AS '数学' 
FROM
	score sc1
	LEFT JOIN student st ON sc1.s_id = st.s_id
	INNER JOIN score sc2 ON sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id 
	AND sc1.c_id = '01' 
	AND sc2.c_id = '02' 
WHERE
	sc1.s_score > sc2.s_score;

连表

EXPLAIN SELECT
	st.*,
	sc1.s_score AS '语文',
	sc2.s_score AS '数学' 
FROM
	student st,
	score sc1,
	score sc2 
WHERE
	st.s_id = sc1.s_id 
	AND st.s_id = sc1.s_id 
	AND st.s_id = sc2.s_id 
	AND sc1.c_id = '01' 
	AND sc2.c_id = '02' 
	AND sc1.s_score > sc2.s_score;

3.1.2 查询同时存在“01”课程和“02”课程的情况

INNER JOIN

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	score sc1
	INNER JOIN score sc2 ON sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id 
	AND sc1.c_id = '01' 
	AND sc2.c_id = '02';

3.1.3 查询存在“01”课程但可能不存在“02”课程的情况（不存在时显示为NULL）

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	( SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id = '01' ) sc1
	LEFT JOIN ( SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id = '02' ) sc2 ON sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id;

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	score sc1
	LEFT JOIN score sc2 ON sc1.s_id = sc2.s_id 
	AND sc2.c_id = '02' 
WHERE
	sc1.c_id = '01';

3.1.4 查询不存在“01”课程但存在“02”课程的情况

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	score 
WHERE
	s_id NOT IN ( SELECT s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = '01' ) 
	AND c_id = '02';

3.2 查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

SELECT
	st.s_id,
	st.s_name,
	avg.s_avg 
FROM
	student st
	INNER JOIN ( SELECT s_id, AVG( s_score ) AS s_avg FROM score GROUP BY s_id HAVING AVG( s_score ) >= 60 ) avg ON st.s_id = avg.s_id;

SELECT
	st.s_id,
	st.s_name,
	AVG( s_score ) AS s_avg 
FROM
	student st
	INNER JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id 
GROUP BY
	st.s_id 
HAVING
	AVG( s_score ) >= 60;

3.3 查询在score表存在成绩的学生信息

思路：score存在的必然会有学生信息，因此score LEFT JOIN student

SELECT
	st.* 
FROM
	score sc
	LEFT JOIN student st ON sc.s_id = st.s_id 
GROUP BY
	sc.s_id;

SELECT DISTINCT
	st.* 
FROM
	student st
	INNER JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id;

3.4 查询所有学生的编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩（没有成绩的显示为null）

思路：

1. 确定使用表范围：学生表、成绩表
2. 获取每个学生的选课总数和所有课程的总成绩，在成绩表中对s_id进行聚合
3. 与学生表进行拼接，由于没有成绩显示为null，因此学生表作为主表，左连接成绩表

SELECT
	st.s_id,
	st.s_name,
	sc.c_count,
	sc.sc_sum 
FROM
	student st
	LEFT JOIN ( SELECT s_id, COUNT( * ) AS c_count, SUM( s_score ) AS sc_sum FROM score GROUP BY s_id ) sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id;

或者先拼接，再聚合分组筛选

SELECT
	st.s_id,
	st.s_name,
	COUNT( c_id ) AS c_count,
	SUM( s_score ) AS sc_sum 
FROM
	student st
	LEFT JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id 
GROUP BY
	st.s_id;

3.4（附）查询有成绩的学生

思路

1. 确定表范围：学生表、成绩表
2. 筛选出由课程的s_id
3. 利用s_id对学生表进行筛选

SELECT *
FROM student
WHERE s_id IN (
	SELECT DISTINCT s_id
	FROM score
);

SELECT * 
FROM student
WHERE s_id IN(
	SELECT s_id
	FROM score
	GROUP BY s_id
);

SELECT * 
FROM student 
WHERE EXISTS(
	SELECT *
	from score
	WHERE student.s_id = score.s_id
);

3.5 查询“李”姓老师的数量

思路：

1. 确定表范围：教师表
2. 筛选“李”姓老师
3. count

SELECT
	COUNT( * ) 
FROM
	teacher 
WHERE
	t_name LIKE '李%';

3.6 查询学过“张三”老师授课的同学的信息

SELECT
	a.*  
FROM
	student a
	INNER JOIN (
	SELECT
		a.s_id 
	FROM
		score a
	INNER JOIN ( SELECT c_id FROM course a INNER JOIN teacher b ON a.t_id = b.t_id AND b.t_name = '张三' ) b ON a.c_id = b.c_id 
	) b ON a.s_id = b.s_id;

SELECT
	a.* 
FROM
	student a,
	score b,
	course c,
	teacher d 
WHERE
	a.s_id = b.s_id 
	AND b.c_id = c.c_id 
	AND c.t_id = d.t_id 
	AND d.t_name = '张三';

3.7 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

思路：先查询课程数。

SELECT
	st.*,
	COUNT( * ) AS c_count 
FROM
	student st
	LEFT JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id 
GROUP BY
	st.s_id 
HAVING
	COUNT( * ) < ( SELECT COUNT( c_id ) FROM course );

3.8 查询至少有一门课与学号为“01”的同学所学相同的学生的信息

SELECT
	st.* 
FROM
	student st
	INNER JOIN (
	SELECT
		* 
	FROM
		score 
	WHERE
		c_id IN ( SELECT sc.c_id FROM student st INNER JOIN score sc ON st.s_id = '01' AND sc.s_id = '01' ) 
	GROUP BY
	s_id 
	) sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id;

3.9 查询和“01”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息（GROUP_CONCAT）

SELECT
	a.s_id,
	a.s_name,
	a.s_birth,
	a.s_sex 
FROM
	(
	SELECT
		a.*,
		b.courses 
	FROM
		student a
		INNER JOIN ( SELECT s_id, GROUP_CONCAT( c_id ORDER BY c_id ASC ) AS courses FROM score GROUP BY s_id ) b 
	WHERE
		a.s_id = b.s_id 
	) a
	INNER JOIN ( SELECT GROUP_CONCAT( c_id ORDER BY c_id ASC ) AS courses FROM score WHERE s_id = '01' ) b ON a.courses = b.courses;

3.10 查询没有学过“张三”老师任何一门课程的学生姓名

SELECT
	student.s_name
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	s_id NOT IN (
	SELECT
		s_id 
	FROM
		score 
	WHERE
	c_id IN ( SELECT c_id FROM course a INNER JOIN teacher b ON a.t_id = b.t_id AND b.t_name = '张三' ) 
	);

3.11 查询两门及以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

SELECT
	a.s_id,
	a.s_name,
	AVG( b.s_score ) AS s_avg 
FROM
	(
	SELECT
		a.* 
	FROM
		student a
		INNER JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id 
	WHERE
		b.s_score < 60 GROUP BY a.s_id HAVING COUNT( * ) >= 2 
	) a
	INNER JOIN score b 
WHERE
	a.s_id = b.s_id 
GROUP BY
	a.s_id

SELECT
	b.s_id,
	b.s_name,
	AVG( a.s_score ) AS s_avg 
FROM
	score a
	LEFT JOIN student b ON a.s_id = b.s_id
	INNER JOIN ( SELECT s_id FROM score WHERE s_score < 60 GROUP BY s_id HAVING COUNT( c_id ) >= 2 ) c ON a.s_id = c.s_id 
GROUP BY
	a.s_id;

3.12 检索“01”课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

SELECT
	b.*,
	a.s_score 
FROM
	score a
	LEFT JOIN student b ON a.s_id = b.s_id 
WHERE
	a.s_score < 60 
	AND a.c_id = '01' 
ORDER BY
	a.s_score DESC

3.13 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程成绩以及平均成绩

SELECT
	a.*,
	b.s_avg 
FROM
	( SELECT a.*, b.s_score FROM student a LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id ) a
	LEFT JOIN ( SELECT s_id, AVG( s_score ) AS s_avg FROM score GROUP BY s_id ) b ON a.s_id = b.s_id 
ORDER BY
	b.s_avg DESC;

3.14 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分

以如下形式显示：课程id，课程name，最高分、最低分，平均分、及格率、中等率、优良率、优秀率

及格为：>=60
中等为：70-80
优良为：80-90
优秀为：90-100

要求输出课程号和选课人数，按课程号升序排列，查询结果按人数降序，若人数相同按课程号升序排列

SELECT
	c_id,
	MAX( s_score ) AS '最高分',
	MIN( s_score ) AS '最低分',
	AVG( s_score ) AS '平均分',
	COUNT( * ) AS '选课人数',
	SUM( CASE WHEN s_score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END ) / COUNT( * ) AS '及格率',
	SUM( CASE WHEN s_score >= 70 AND s_score < 80 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END ) / COUNT( * ) AS '中等率',
	SUM( CASE WHEN s_score >= 80 AND s_score < 90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END ) / COUNT( * ) AS '优良率',
	SUM( CASE WHEN s_score >= 90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END ) / COUNT( * ) AS '优秀率' 
FROM
	score 
GROUP BY
	c_id 
ORDER BY
	COUNT( * ) DESC,
	c_id ASC;

3.15 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名，score重复时也继续排名（@i用法）（to do）

3.16 （to do）

3.17 统计各科成绩分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0]及所占的百分比

SELECT
	a.c_id,
	b.c_name,
	SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >85 AND s_score <= 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[100-85]人数',
	CONCAT(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >85 AND s_score <= 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / COUNT(*) * 100,'%') AS '[100-85]占比',
	SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >70 AND s_score <= 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[85-70]人数',
	CONCAT(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >70 AND s_score <= 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / COUNT(*) * 100,'%') AS '[85-70]占比',
	SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >60 AND s_score <= 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[70-60]人数',
	CONCAT(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >60 AND s_score <= 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / COUNT(*) * 100,'%') AS '[70-60]占比',
	SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >=0 AND s_score <= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS '[60-0]人数',
	CONCAT(SUM(CASE WHEN s_score >= 0 AND s_score <= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / COUNT(*) * 100,'%') AS '[60-0]占比'
FROM
	score a
	LEFT JOIN course b ON a.c_id = b.c_id 
GROUP BY
	a.c_id;

3.18 查询各科成绩前三名的记录（to do）

3.19 查询每门课程被选修的学生数

SELECT
	c_id,
	COUNT( s_id ) AS count 
FROM
	score 
GROUP BY
	c_id

3.20 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

SELECT
	b.s_id,
	b.s_name 
FROM
	score a
	LEFT JOIN student b ON a.s_id = b.s_id 
GROUP BY
	a.s_id 
HAVING
	COUNT( a.c_id ) = 2

3.21 查询男生人数、女生人数

SELECT
	s_sex,
	COUNT( s_id ) 
FROM
	student 
GROUP BY
	s_sex;

3.22 查询名字中含有“风”字的学生信息

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	s_name LIKE '%风%';

3.23 查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名同性人数（to do）

3.24 查询1990年出生的学生名单

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student 
WHERE
	YEAR ( s_birth ) = 1990;

3.25 查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排序，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排序

SELECT
	c_id,
	AVG( s_score ) AS s_avg 
FROM
	score 
GROUP BY
	c_id 
ORDER BY
	AVG( s_score ) DESC,
	c_id ASC;

3.26 查询平均成绩大于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

SELECT
	b.s_id,
	b.s_name,
	AVG( a.s_score ) AS s_avg 
FROM
	score a
	LEFT JOIN student b ON a.s_id = b.s_id 
GROUP BY
	a.s_id 
HAVING
	AVG( a.s_score ) > 85;

3.27 查询课程名称为“数学”，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数

SELECT
	a.s_name,
	b.s_score 
FROM
	student a
	INNER JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id
	INNER JOIN ( SELECT c_id FROM course WHERE c_name = '数学' ) c ON b.c_id = c.c_id 
WHERE
	b.s_score < 60;

3.28 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况（存在学生没成绩，没选课的情况）

SELECT
	* 
FROM
	student a
	LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id;

3.29 查询任意一门课程成绩在70分以上的同学姓名、课程名称和分数

SELECT
	a.s_name,
	c.c_name,
	b.s_score 
FROM
	student a
	INNER JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id
	INNER JOIN course c ON b.c_id = c.c_id 
WHERE
	b.s_score > 70;

3.30 查询存在不及格的课程

SELECT DISTINCT
	c_id 
FROM
	score 
WHERE
	s_score < 60

3.31 查询课程编号为“01”且课程成绩在80分以上的学生学号和姓名

SELECT
	b.s_id,
	b.s_name 
FROM
	score a
	LEFT JOIN student b ON a.s_id = b.s_id 
WHERE
	a.c_id = '01' 
	AND a.s_score >= '80';

3.32 求每门课程的学生人数

SELECT
	c_id,
	COUNT( s_id ) AS cons 
FROM
	score 
GROUP BY
	c_id;

3.33 假设成绩不重复，查询选修“张三”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩（limit）

SELECT
	d.*,
	c.s_score 
FROM
	teacher a
	INNER JOIN course b ON a.t_id = b.t_id
	INNER JOIN score c ON b.c_id = c.c_id
	INNER JOIN student d ON c.s_id = d.s_id 
WHERE
	a.t_name = '张三' 
ORDER BY
	c.s_score DESC 
	LIMIT 1;

3.34 假设成绩有重复的情况下，查询选修“张三”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩（to do）

3.35 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

SELECT
	a.* 
FROM
	score a
	INNER JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id 
	AND a.c_id != b.c_id 
	AND a.s_score = b.s_score 
GROUP BY
	a.s_id,
	a.c_id

3.36 查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名（to do）

3.37 统计每门课程的选修人数，超过五人的课程才进行统计

SELECT
	c_id,
	COUNT( s_id ) AS cons 
FROM
	score 
GROUP BY
	c_id 
HAVING
	COUNT( s_id ) > 5;

3.38 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

SELECT
	s_id 
FROM
	score 
GROUP BY
	s_id 
HAVING
	COUNT( c_id ) >= 2;

3.39 查询选修了全部课程的学生的信息

SELECT
	b.* 
FROM
	score a
	LEFT JOIN student b ON a.s_id = b.s_id 
GROUP BY
	a.s_id 
HAVING
	COUNT( * ) = ( SELECT COUNT( * ) FROM course )

3.40 查询各学生的年龄，只按年份来

SELECT
	s_name,
	YEAR ( CURRENT_DATE ) - YEAR ( s_birth ) AS age 
FROM
	student

3.41 按照出生日期来算各学生的年龄

SELECT
	s_name,
	TIMESTAMPDIFF( YEAR, s_birth, CURRENT_TIME ) AS age 
FROM
	student

3.42 查询本周过生日的同学（to do）

3.43 查询下周过生日的同学（to do）

3.44 查询本月过生日的同学（to do）

3.45 查询下月过生日的同学（to do）