链接:http://poj.org/problem?id=1679
题意:告诉你有n个点,m条边,以及m条边的信息(起点、终点、权值),判断最小生成树是否唯一
之前是用第二种方法做的,复杂度最高可达O(n^3),后来用次小生成树又做了一次,复杂度O(n^2+m)。
先说次小生成树的方法。
次小生成树:求出最小生成树,把用到的边做标记,此时添加额外的边进去必然形成环,删除环中第二大的边(即这个环里在生成树上的最大边),加上额外边的权值,枚举每个额外边,取最小值,就是次小生成树的值。用相同的方法可以求第K小生成树以及判断第K小生成树是否唯一。
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include<fstream>
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cctype>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<ctime>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<functional>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
#define PI acos(-1.0)
#define MAXN 50100
#define eps 1e-7
#define INF 0x7FFFFFFF
#define LLINF 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
#define seed 131
#define MOD 1000000007
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned ll
#define lson l,m,rt<<1
#define rson m+1,r,rt<<1|1
struct node{
int u,v,w;
int used;
}edge1[10010];
struct Edge{
int u,v,w,next;
}edge[20010];
struct NODE{
int u,maxm;
};
int head[110],vis[110],father[110];
int maxm[110][110];
int n,m,cnt;
void add_edge(int a,int b,int c){
edge[cnt].u = a;
edge[cnt].v = b;
edge[cnt].w = c;
edge[cnt].next = head[a];
head[a] = cnt++;
}
int Find(int x){
int t = x;
while(t != father[t])
t = father[t];
int k = x;
while(k != t){
int temp = father[k];
father[k] = t;
k = temp;
}
return t;
}
int kruskal(){
int i,j;
int num = 0, sum = 0;
for(i = 0; i <= n; i++) father[i] = i;
for(i = 0; i < m; i++){
int xx = Find(edge1[i].u);
int yy = Find(edge1[i].v);
if(xx != yy){
add_edge(edge1[i].u, edge1[i].v, edge1[i].w);
add_edge(edge1[i].v, edge1[i].u, edge1[i].w);
father[xx] = yy;
sum += edge1[i].w;
edge1[i].used = 1;
num++;
if(num >= n - 1) break;
}
}
return sum;
}
void bfs(int src){
int i,j;
memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));
queue<NODE>q;
NODE t1,t2;
t1.u = src;
t1.maxm = 0;
q.push(t1);
vis[src] = 1;
while(!q.empty()){
t1 = q.front();
q.pop();
for(i = head[t1.u]; i != -1; i = edge[i].next){
t2.u = edge[i].v;
t2.maxm = edge[i].w;
if(!vis[t2.u]){
vis[t2.u] = 1;
if(t1.maxm > t2.maxm) t2.maxm = t1.maxm;
maxm[src][t2.u] = t2.maxm;
q.push(t2);
}
}
}
}
int main(){
int t,i,j;
int a,b,c;
scanf("%d", &t);
while(t--){
scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
for(i = 0; i < m; i++){
scanf("%d%d%d", &edge1[i].u, &edge1[i].v, &edge1[i].w);
edge1[i].used = 0;
}
memset(head,-1,sizeof(head));
cnt = 0;
int ans1 = kruskal();
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++) bfs(i);
int ans2 = INF;
for(i = 0; i < m; i++){
if(!edge1[i].used){
int temp = ans1 - maxm[edge1[i].u][edge1[i].v] + edge1[i].w;
if(temp < ans2) ans2 = temp;
}
}
if(ans1!=ans2) printf("%d\n", ans1);
else puts("Not Unique!");
}
return 0;
}
删边枚举法:对于每条边如果有和他相等权值的边,则做一个标记,然后进行一遍kruskal或prim找出最小生成树权值,然后对于每个使用过并且有相等边标记的边,把它从图中删去,再进行一遍kruskal或prim,如果此时最小生成树权值和第一次一样,则说明最小生成树不唯一,否则最小生成树唯一。
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include<fstream>
#include<iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cctype>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<ctime>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<functional>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
#define PI acos(-1.0)
#define MAXN 110000
#define eps 1e-7
#define INF 0x7FFFFFFF
#define seed 131
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned ll
#define lson l,m,rt<<1
#define rson m+1,r,rt<<1|1
struct node{
int u,v,dis;
int used,equa,del;
}edge[MAXN];
int father[105],vis[105];
int n,m,flag,ans;
bool cmp(node x,node y){
return x.dis<y.dis;
}
int find(int x){
int t = x;
while(father[t]!=t)
t = father[t];
int k = x;
while(k!=t){
int temp = father[k];
father[k] = t;
k = temp;
}
return t;
}
int kruskal(){
int i,j=0;
int sum = 0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++) father[i] = i;
for(i=0;i<m;i++){
if(edge[i].del) continue;
int a = find(edge[i].u);
int b = find(edge[i].v);
if(a!=b){
father[a] = b;
sum += edge[i].dis;
j++;
if(flag) edge[i].used = 1;
if(j>=n-1) break;
}
}
return sum;
}
int main(){
int t,i,j;
scanf("%d",&t);
while(t--){
flag = 1;
scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
for(i=0;i<m;i++){
scanf("%d%d%d",&edge[i].u,&edge[i].v,&edge[i].dis);
edge[i].used = edge[i].equa = edge[i].del = 0;
}
for(i=0;i<m;i++){
for(j=0;j<m;j++){
if(i==j) continue;
if(edge[i].dis == edge[j].dis) edge[i].equa = 1;
}
}
sort(edge,edge+m,cmp);
int ans1 = kruskal();
flag = 0;
for(i=0;i<m;i++){
if(edge[i].used&&edge[i].equa){
edge[i].del = 1;
int ans2 = kruskal();
if(ans2==ans1){
printf("Not Unique!\n");
break;
}
}
}
if(i>=m) printf("%d\n",ans1);
}
return 0;
}